Leisure & Play Quiz 1

instrinsic motivation

internal feelings:

enjoyment/joy

satisfaction

accomplishment

personal fulfillment

extrinsic motivation

incentives such as:

money/prizes

grades

validation that can be seen by others

stone age

people used primitive tools made from stone or bone to play

bronze age

-marks the first time humans began working with meal

-bronze tools and weapons began to replace stone or bone versions

iron age

people spent their time doing sports, drama, hunting, entertainment games, etc

early history

-early christian era: could only participate if you were part of a certain skill level or class

-the renasissance: power shift, exercise and recreation

-the protestant reformation: protestant work ethic; decreased leisure time

industrial revolution

reduction in work hours

growing advancement

major impact on leisure

trends in leisure today

-eco-tourism and travel

-role of technology

-competitive nature of youth sports

-increased need for camps and daycares

-increased demand for green spaces

-increase in programming diverse populations

-stress reduction and health promotion

-increase in holiday/specail event planning

patterns about the evolution of leisure and play

-play served as a purpose-development of survival skills

-leisure time was minimal due to focusing on survival
-leisure was considered dangerous as religion developed

-leisure was valued but only for the wealthy

-leisure was openly experienced by all in the industrail revolution

-play has always existed in some way

intrapersonal constraint to leisure

-fear/anxiety

-low self-esteem

-indentity

-attitudes

interpersonal constraints to leisure

-family responsibilities

-lack of social connections

-societal norms

strcutural contraints to leisure

-money

-health

-disability

importance of play for kids

-brain development

-builds communication

-social skills/rules

-physical health and coordination

-improves mental health

-stress relief

importance of play for adults

-intimacy

-social connectedness

-cognition, brain/memory function

-phsyical health

-improves mental health

-stress relief

properties of play

-by stuart brown

-purposeless

-voluntary

-inheerent attraction

-freedom from time

-diminished consciousness of self

-improvisational

-continuation desire

surplus energy theory

-H. Spencer

-burning up excess energy

instinct-practice theory

-karl groos

-practice for adulthood

psychoanalytic theory (catharsis)

-Freuds and Erikson

-burning up energy and release of aggressive/hostile behaviors or drives

re-creation theory/relaxation theory

-G.T.W patrick

-play provides a way of renewing energy

-ways to calm down and relax

recapitulation

-a persons development reflects the process of evolution

cognitive developmental

-play is a comfortable relaxed atomsphere to learn to solve problems

task generalization

things that we enjoy spill over from work into play

task compensation

to play, to fufill needs not met at work due to task contraints

stimulus arousal theory

-high risk activities

-play serves to create drives and tension to achieve a sense of arousal and emotional release

competence-effectance theory

an individual testing their environment, solve problems, and gain a sense of mastery and accomplishment

feelings experienced by leisure

-anticipation, excitement, anxiety

-surprise, discovery

-pleasure

understanding

-strength, mastery

relationships among play

-more of a behavior than an activity

-occurs during work or leisure

-recreation can include non-play activities