Ch 1: The Cell (18%)

lysosomes

Eukaryotic Cells

Membrane-bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down many different substrates, including substances ingested by endocytosis and cellular waste products.

rough ER

Eukaryotic Cells

A series of interconnected membranes contiguous with the nuclear envelope that is studded with ribosomes, which permit the translation of proteins destined for secretion directly into its lumen.

smooth ER

Eukaryotic Cells

A series of interconnected membranes contiguous with the nuclear envelope that lacks ribosomes and is utilized primarily for lipid synthesis and the detoxification of certain drugs and poisons.

peroxisomes

Eukaryotic Cells

Membrane-bound structures containing hydrogen peroxide and serve to break down very long chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation. They also participate in the synthesis of phospholipids and contain some of the enzymes involved in the PPP.

microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments

Eukaryotic Cells

name the 3 components of the cytoskeleton

microfilaments

Eukaryotic Cells

A component of the cytoskeleton made up of polymerized rods of actin, which are organized into bundles and networks and are resistant to both compression and fracture, providing structure for the cell. It can also use ATP to generate force for movement by interacting with myosin, such as in muscle contraction. It also plays a role in cytokinesis, or the division of materials between daughter cells.

microfilaments

Eukaryotic Cells

A component of the cytoskeleton. Hollow polymers of tubulin proteins. They radiate throughout the cell, providing the primary pathways along which motor proteins carry vesicles. Examples of motile structures composed of this include cilia (only seen in eukaryotes) and eukaryotic flagella.

intermediate filaments

Eukaryotic Cells

A component of the cytoskeleton. A diverse group of filamentous proteins such as keratin. Many are involved in cell-cell adhesion or maintenance of the overall integrity of the cytoskeleton. They are able to withstand a tremendous amount of tension, increasing the structural rigidity of the cell. They also help anchor other organelles, like the nucleus. Their identity of the type within a cell is specific to the cell and tissue type.

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Eukaryotic Cells

name the 4 types of tissues

epithelial tissue

Eukaryotic Cells

A type of tissues that cover the body and line its cavities, providing a means for protection against invasion and desiccation. In some organs, they are involved in absorption, secretion, and sensation. In most organs, these cells constitute the parenchyma, or the functional parts of the organ. An example are hepatocytes in the liver.

connective tissue

Eukaryotic Cells

A type of tissue that supports the body and provides a framework for epithelial cells to carry out their function. They are the main contributes to the stroma or support structure. Most cells in these tissues produce and secrete materials such as collagen and elastin to form the extracellular matrix. Some examples are bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose, and blood.