CHAPTER 7: MUSCULAR SYSTEM

ORIGIN AND INSERTION

2 points of attachment:

ORIGIN

HEAD, FIXED END (less moveable)

INSERTION

(distal end, mobile end) more moveable

BELLY, TENDON, AGONIST & ANTAGONIST

Parts of muscle between origin & insertion:

BELLY

Muscles wherein the content are fibers

TENDON

More on connective tissue (dense connective tissue) portion

APONEUROSIS

Some muscles has end that are not tendon its ____ (muscles in head)

Agonist & Antagonist

Group of muscles that are actions are opposite to one another

shortens

Whenever the muscles contracts, the muscle fiber _____

muscle shape

determines the type of movement and the arrangement of its fascicles

circular

fascicles are arranged in a circle around an opening and act as sphincters to close the opening (parang gripo)

orbicularis oris

facial muscle encircling the mouth, oral and known as kissing muscle

orbicularis oculi

a circular sphincter muscle located right under the skin around your eye

convergent

broadly distributed fascicles converge at a single tendon (triangular)

orbicularis oris & orbicularis oculi

two types of circular

pectoralis minor and pectoralis major

two types of convergent

pectoralis major

a large, thick, fan-shaped muscle on the upper chest

pectoralis major

Clavicle (collarbone), sternum (breastbone), and the upper six costal cartilages of the ribs.

pectoralis minor

Small, thin, and flat; completely hidden deep beneath the major muscle

PECTORALIS MAJOR

insertion is at proximal part of humerus

parallel

fascicles lie parallel to one another and to the long axis of the muscle

trapezius, rhomboideus, quadrate

3 types of parallel (QTR)

parallel

arrangements are usually altogether, carries the shape of their muscle (iisa lang ang patutunguhan ng muscles)

BIPENNATE, UNIPENNATE, MULTIPENNATE

3 TYPES PF PENNATE (B,U,M)

UNIPENNATE

one side of a tendon (palmar interosseus)

BIPENNATE

fascicles on both sides of the tendon (rectus femoris–thigh)

MULTIPENNATE

many places around the central tendon (deltoid)

FUSIFORM

parallel to the long axis of a muscle, the belly of the muscle is larger in diameter than the ends

biceps brachii and triceps brachii

TWO TYPES OF FUSIFORM

circular, convergent, parallel, pennate, fusiform

shape of muscle (CCPPF)

BICPES BRACHII

TWO HEADED

TRICEPS BRACHII

THREE HEADED

Direction of muscle fibers, relative size, location, location of the origin and insertion, number of origins, shape, action

NAMING OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

OBLIQUE, RECTUS, ORBICULARIS

3 types of Direction of muscle fibers relative to the longitudinal axis of the muscle: (ORO)

OBLIQUE

RUN AT AN ANGLE TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS

RECTUS

RUN STRAIGHT TO LONGITUDINAL AXIS

ORBICULARIS

RUN AT CIRCULAR PATH

RELATIVE SIZE

arrangement, size, and length

major and minor

for bigger size called ____ and smaller size ____

biggest, middle, smallest

Maximus: ___

Intermedius: ____

Minimus: ___

longest, shortest

longus: ___

brevis: ____

pectoralis major and rectus femoris

two types of location

brachioradialis, sternocleidomastoid

two types of location of origin and insertion (B,S)

pectoralis major

location found in the chest region

rectus femoris

location of the femur (insertion)

brachioradialis

attaches to humerus (origin) and the radius

sternocleidomastoid

attaches to sternum (origin) and the clavicle and insert on the mastoid

biceps and triceps

number of origins

biceps

two heads

triceps

three heads

deltoid and trapezius

shape:

deltoid

means triangular in shape

trapezius

is shaped like a kite or trapezium

flexor, extensor, adductor, abductor

action

adductor

towards the middle