Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

A set of vocabulary flashcards defining organic chemistry functional groups and their characteristic structures based on the lecture notes.

Alkane

A class of organic molecules consisting entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, with no specific functional group.

Alkene (cis vs trans)

A class of organic molecules characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond functional group ($R_2C=CR_2$).

Alkyne

A class of organic molecules characterized by a carbon-carbon triple bond functional group ($R-C \equiv C-R$).

Aromatic

A class of organic molecules containing a conjugated benzene ring functional group.

Alcohol

A class of organic molecules containing a hydroxyl functional group ($R-OH$) bonded to an alkyl group.

Ether

A class of organic molecules containing an oxygen atom single-bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups ($R-O-R$).

Ketone

A class of organic molecules containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon-containing groups ($R-C(=O)-R$).

Aldehyde

A class of organic molecules containing a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom ($R-C(=O)-H$).

Carboxylic acid

A class of organic molecules containing a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group ($R-C(=O)-OH$).

Ester

A class of organic molecules containing a carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group ($R-C(=O)-O-R$).

Acid chloride

A class of organic molecules containing a carbonyl group bonded directly to a chlorine atom ($R-C(=O)-Cl$).

Anhydride

A class of organic molecules containing two acyl groups linked by a central oxygen atom ($R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R$).

Amide

A class of organic molecules containing a carbonyl group bonded directly to a nitrogen atom ($R-C(=O)-NR_2$).

Amine

A class of organic molecules containing a nitrogen atom bonded to alkyl groups or hydrogen atoms ($R-NR_2$).

Nitrile

A class of organic molecules containing a carbon-nitrogen triple bond ($R-C \equiv N:$).

Imine

A class of organic molecules containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond ($R_2C=N-R$).

Thiol

A class of organic molecules containing a sulfhydryl functional group ($R-SH$).

Thioether

A class of organic molecules containing a sulfur atom single-bonded to two carbon groups ($R-S-R$).

Sulfoxide

A class of organic molecules containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond bonded to two carbon groups ($R-S(=O)-R$).

Sulfone

A class of organic molecules containing a sulfur atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms and single-bonded to two carbon groups ($R-S(=O)_2-R$).

Alkyl halide

A class of organic molecules containing a halogen atom bonded to an alkyl group ($R-X$, where $X$ is any halogen).