classical school 2 criminology

Reasons why we measure crime

to evaluate policies/programs, to explain why it occurs and to gauge criminal activity and react accordingly

Uniform Crime Reports

• made to collect crime statistics in a uniform manner

• 18,000 law enforcement agencies voluntarily report data to the FBI

Limitations of UCR Program

• does not include corporate crime, only street level

• changes in law can make annual comparisons difficult

• some law enforcement agencies submit delinquent reports to hide mistakes

National Crime Victimization Survey

• their basic demographic data like age, income, marital, education, & ethnicity

• about the crime: time, where, use of weapons, nature of injury, economic consequences, victim’s experience with justice system & self protective measures made by the victim

Dark Figure of Crime

Victims don’t report crime to the police because they feel: nothing can be done about the incident, the incident is not important enough, it’s too private or personal, or they may get caught up in the crime itself, & the police will be inconvenienced with the report.

Spatial Analysis of Crime

• helps with allocating resources and police personnel

• based on citizen calls to police + police records

• (ex: links between neighborhood income inequality and property crime)

LEOKA

Must be Line-of-duty death → officer acting in an official capacity of her

official duties. Does not include death by natural causes while working.

Felonious death - When they are performing duty + directly killed by

the act of a criminal subject

Accidental death- dies as the result of an accident (ex: struck by

vehicle while directing traffic; drowns while attempting a rescue)