Western Civ Test 2

Aeschylus

father of tragedy

real world

form and ideas, spacelessness, timelessness, unchanging, universals

six reasons to study history

identity, wisdom, hope, knowing God, holiness, gratitude

Leonidas

king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians

command economy

economy controlled entirely by government

Alexander the Great

king of Macedonia who conquered Persia

experiential world

sense and physical, space, temporal, changing, particulars

Minoans

early Greek ancestors

location of Italy

center of Mediterranean

Etruscans replace ___

Italics

Etruscans: 1st sign of ___ in Italian Peninsula

agriculture

Italics replace ___

Myceneans

Etruscan's government

self-governing city states with monarcy

Romans are the descendants of the ___

Etruscans

Etruscans conquered ___

Latium

Etruscans were invaded by the ___

Gauls

Rome is also called ___

Latium

Romulus and Remus

mythical founders of Rome

Romulus and Remus - who killed who?

Romulus killed Remus

Aeneas and Anchises

fled Troy with survivors

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus

earliest monarch of Rome

Circus Maximus

annual entertainment venue in Rome

imperium

right to issue and enforce commands

three branches of Roman government

monarch, senate, curiate assembly

monarchy

imperium, elected by Senate, hereditary leadership

Senate

monarch's advisors

curiate assembly

all male citizens of Rome; approve government action

Roman voting is divided into ___ groups based on geography and population

30

three spheres of Roman society

state, family, temple

paterfamilias

little monarch; male head of household

patricians

upper class

plebeians

lower class

Tarquinius Suberbus

last monarch of Rome

son (Sextus) raped wife of Tarquinius Callatinus

who forced Tarquinius Suberbus into exile?

Junius Brutus

Senate nominated two ___ to serve as ___ for one year

patricians; consul

where does Senate vote for consulship

centuriate assembly

centuriate assembly

made decisions regarding war

Horatius

defended the bridge over the Tiber river; victory sparks the birth of Roman republic

consul

two at a time; rule republic

lictors

officials; symbol of consul's power

12 followed consul through town carrying fasces and 1 ivory seat

fasces

bundle of sticks with an axe in the middle bound by a leather strap; symbol of authority and power

sticks of fasces represent ___

rods used for beatings

axe of fasces represents ___

power of capital punishment

leather strap of fasces represents ___

law and tradition to control / limit power

consul is bound by the law

ivory seat carried by lictor represents ___

pure judgment seat

what color robe do lictors and consul wear?

purple

Cincinnatus

ideal dictator

which American leader was Cincinnatus compared to?

George Washington

proconsul

provided generals for extended military campaigns

1 man given full imperium / leadership of army

censor

took census of the people

affixed tax burden

___ had the power to remove the senators from the senate

censors

censors served ___ at a time for ___ years

two; five

what job became the ultimate political prize?

censor

tribal assembly

developed by plebeians

tribunes

represented plebeians in tribal assembly

Punic wars were fought between ___ and ___

Rome and Carthage

who won the Punic wars?

rome

the dispute that initiated the first punic war began in ___

sicily

romans seize ___ and ___ because of the first punic war

sardinia and corsica

the dispute that initiated the second punic war began in ___

spain

___ in the south of the Ibro river wanted to trade with Rome; began 2nd punic war

Sarguntum

Hannibal

governor of Spain (Carthage); crossed alps and invaded Italian Peninusla

Publius Cornelius Scipio

Roman general; defeated Hannibal

Scipio defeated Hannibal at the battle of ___

Zama

Pax Romana

peace of Rome

Latifundia

slave plantations

Spartacus

led slave rebellion

Augustine

church father; believed Roman morality degraded after the Punic wars because of wealth

the Gracchi brothers are an example of a ___

demagogue

Rome is located on the ___ river

tiber

The two Gracchi brothers

Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus

Tiberius Gracchus was killed by a ___

mob of Roman senators

equestrians

calvary; Roman middle class

Gaius and 3000 followers were executed for ____

political crimes

Marius served as ___ for ___ terms

consul; 5

___ opened up Roman military to volunteers

Marius

___ made himself dictator and legalized the murder of ___ and ___

Sulla; Marius and Cinna

members of the first triumvirate

Julius Caesar, Marcus Crassus, Pompey

___ led his army across the ___ river at the battle with ___

Caesar; Rubicon; Pompey

___ sets up the ___ calendar

Caesar; Julian

___ made himself ___ for life

Caesar; dictator

who killed Caesar?

60 senators led by Cassius Longius and Marcus Brutus

when was Caesar killed?

March 15, 44 BC

who was in the second triumvirate?

Marc Antony, Gaius Octavius, M. Aemilius Lepidus

___ was born during the Caesar Augustus' reign

Jesus

first emperor of Rome

Caesar Augustus

who restored the republic?

Caesar Augustus

who renamed Gaius Octavius

senate

Caesar Augustus called himself the ___

princep

princeps

first citizen

imperium maius

Great Power

tribunician power

representative of Tribal assembly

___ were invading and robbing wealth along the border of Rome

German barbarians

Caesar tries to return ___ to Rome

morality

Virgil

greatest poet; glorified civic greatness and used Caesar as the prime example