10: Bones and Joints

Peak Performance Term 1

Explain how Ball and Socket Joints work

Allows movement in ALL directions, including flexion, extension, rotation, abduction and adduction. These joints consist of a spherical head that fits into a round socket, providing a wide range of motion and stability.

Give two examples of ball and socket joints

Shoulder and hip joints.

How do condyloid joints work

These joints allow movement in two planes, permitting flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, while also allowing SLIGHT rotation. They consist of an oval-shaped end of one bone fitting into an elliptical cavity of another.

Two examples of condyloid joints

wrist joint and knuckle joints

Define the movement of a pivot joint

Allows rotational movement around a single axis, enabling one bone to rotate around another.

Two examples of pivot joints

The neck (atlas and axis vertebrae) and the radioulnar joint

How does Hinge Joint work

Allows movement primarily in one direction, functioning like a door hinge, enabling flexion and extension.

Two examples of hinge joints

Elbow and knee joints

Explain how saddle joints work

Allows movement in two planes, providing flexibility for opposition and grasping, resembling a saddle shape. They facilitate both flexion-extension and abduction-adduction movements.

Two examples of saddle joints

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and sternoclavicular joint.

How is the spine structured (Sections?)

Consists of 5 sections: Cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx

Define function of cervical spine

Consists of 7 vertebrae (C1 to C7), supports the head and allows neck movement

Define function of thoracic spine

Consists of 12 vertebrae (T1 to T12), attaches to the ribs and provides stability

Define function of the lumbar spine

Consists of 5 vertebrae (L1 to L5) and beats most of the body’s weight whilst allowing flexibility

Define function of the sacrum

Consists of 5 fused vertebrae (S1 to S5) and connects the spine to the pelvis

Define function for the coccyx

Consists of 4 fused vertebrae; also known as the tailbone