Water Cycle, Carbon Flow, Global Warming and Photosynthesis Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the water cycle, the flow of carbon, global warming, and photosynthesis.

The process of water moving from the atmosphere to the ground is called __.

Precipitation

Water vapor in the atmosphere forms __ when it cools.

Condensation

The movement of water from land to bodies of water is known as __.

Runoff

Water's ability to absorb heat is largely due to __ bonds.

Hydrogen

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars using sunlight is called __.

Photosynthesis

The __ effect describes the warming of the Earth's surface due to greenhouse gases.

Greenhouse

Fossil fuels, when burned, contribute to increased levels of __ in the atmosphere.

CO2

The carbon cycle involves carbon exchange between the atmosphere, __, and living organisms.

Soil

Photosynthesis is performed by __ and some microorganisms, but not by animals or fungi.

Plants

In photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the __.

Atmosphere

The two main stages of photosynthesis occur in the __ and the stroma.

Thylakoids

Light reactions in photosynthesis produce __, ATP, and NADPH.

Oxygen

The __ cycle is the second stage of photosynthesis where sugar is produced using ATP and NADPH.

Calvin

Deforestation results in less absorption of atmospheric __ by plants.

CO2

Global warming leads to a rise in __ levels due to melting glaciers and ice caps.

Sea

Greenhouse gases, when excessive, contribute to __ warming.

Global

The main reason for deforestation is __ farming, which also produces methane.

Cattle

The flow of carbon in ecosystems can be summarized in the equation: CO2 + H2O + light energy → __ + O2.

C6H12O6

Hydrogen bonds in water break, but water remains in the __ state.

Liquid

The __ effect refers to atmospheric gases trapping heat and warming the planet.

Greenhouse

Carbon dioxide absorbed by oceans is converted into organic carbon by __.

Photosynthesis

The primary source of carbon dioxide emissions includes industry, transportation, and __.

Agricultural

The stages of photosynthesis that occur in the chloroplasts are the light reactions and the __ phase.

Calvin

Water's role in moderating Earth's temperature is significantly affected by __ bonding.

Hydrogen

High atmospheric CO2 levels can lead to increased __ in global temperature.

Fluctuations

The __ cycle illustrates the process of carbon moving through various environmental components.

Carbon

Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and __, which can trap heat in the atmosphere.

Methane

The __ is where the majority of photosynthesis occurs within plant cells.

Chloroplast

Climate change, increased severe weather, and habitat loss are all effects of __.

Global warming

Water storage in the atmosphere primarily exists in the form of __.

Vapor

The process by which water is absorbed by the ground after rainfall is known as __.

Infiltration

The primary electron carrier made during the light reactions is __.

NADPH

__ gases play a critical role in maintaining Earth’s temperature, but excess can lead to problems.

Greenhouse

Increased transpiration due to global warming can limit __ efficiency in plants.

Photosynthesis

To form carbohydrates, plants utilize _ from photosynthesis for energy.

Sugars

The world’s oceans primarily absorb carbon dioxide from the __ atmosphere.

Surrounding

Deforestation contributes to climate change by reducing the __ of CO2.

Absorption

Fossil fuels are a major source of __ in the environment when burned.

Carbon

The increase in global temperature has shown a correlation with __ carbon dioxide levels over time.

Rising

Through the process of __, carbon dioxide is turned into organic materials by living organisms.

Photosynthesis

The signs of global warming can be predicted through __ data collected over time.

Proxy

The water cycle includes processes like evaporation, precipitation, and __.

Condensation

The two areas of a chloroplast where photosynthesis occurs are the thylakoids and __.

Stroma

Carbon is cycled between living organisms and the __ through respiration and photosynthesis.

Atmosphere

During photosynthesis, plants expel __ as a by-product.

Oxygen

The __ is the thick fluid inside the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle takes place.

Stroma

Increased concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere can lead to higher rates of __.

Photosynthesis