nestslaying the polar bears

extreme poverty

situation where a person has to live on less than $1.90/day (World Bank), amount adjusted to the local cost of living of countries

absolute poverty

lack of basic needs (shelter, clean water, sanitation, education, food). Focused on day-to-day survival

relative poverty

people's incomes falling significantly below average for where they live

**globalization**

growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, from cross-border trade in goods, services, technology, investment, people, information

global warming

human-caused climate change. Warming is attributed to human activities

causes of global warming

large-scale burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in power plants, transport (ships, planes, cars), heating…

greenhouse gas effect

a process where greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, thus increasing global temperatures

greenhouse gases

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour…

e-waste

electronic waste: old printers, cellphones, computers, devices, televisions, batteries. produced in developed countries and sent to developing countries to be burned for money

consumerism

belief that an individual’s personal wellbeing and happiness depends on consumption of material goods

foreign direct investment (FDI)

investment by a firm based in one country (the home country) in productive activities in another country (the host country)

mnc benefits

job opportunities in developing countries, economic growth, generally pay higher wages than local competitors

mnc limitations

unfair competition with unsafe working conditions, very low/exploitative wages, enables systemically low-income outcomes for people, human and labour rights violations, eliminating local producers and jobs, environmental degradation through working in countries with weak environmental protection laws

greenpeace

international organization to preserve endangered animals, prevent environmental abuses, and heighten environmental awareness through direct confrontations with polluting corporations and government authorities. uses non-violent confrontation to expose global environmental problems, to force solutions essential to green and peaceful future.

greenpeace vs lego

lego needs oil for the production of plastic toys, bought from shell. greenpeace wanted to prevent as shell oil drilling in arctic could cause oil spills. protests focused on posters and digital videos, protesters dressed up as lego characters blocking shell offices and gas stations. successful when shell announced no more exploration in canadian arctic

heifer international

works with local farmers and business owners: supports communities in futures, improves quantity and quality of goods, ends hunger and poverty by supporting and investing alongside local farmers and their respective communities, works on economic development, environmental sustainability, food nutrition and security, risk mitigation and resilience, women empowerment and social capital

paris climate accord

legally binding international treaty on climate change, combating rising global greenhouse emissions. every 5 years countries must submit their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) outlining actions against climate change in nation. ensures developed countries provide financial assistance to developing countries, as large financial investment is crucial to real environmental change

world trade organisation (wto)

international organization dealing with rules of trade between nations; a democratically-ran forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements and settle trade disputes

remanufacture

taking an item and turning it into something else

recycling

sending raw materials to a secondary market for remanufacturing

reuse

using a product as-is

refurbish

when old products are examined—any non-working part is exchanged for a new part and product is resold

tragedy of the commons

selfish acts by individuals that control how common resources are used, resulting in its destruction