Chemistry EOT3 Exam Notes

Substituted Hydrocarbon

An organic compound where a functional group replaces one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

Substituent Group

A side branch attached to a parent hydrocarbon chain.

Halogen

Elements from Group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine).

Halocarbon

An organic compound containing a halogen substituent, represented by the general formula RX.

Alkyl Halide

An organic compound with a halogen atom covalently bonded to an aliphatic carbon atom.

Aryl Halide

An organic compound with a halogen atom bonded to a benzene ring or other aromatic group.

Hydroxyl Group (–OH)

An oxygen-hydrogen group covalently bonded to a carbon atom.

Alcohol

A substituted hydrocarbon with a hydroxyl functional group (−OH).

Denatured Alcohol

Ethanol with noxious materials added to make it unfit for drinking.

Ethers

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms (ROR').

Amines

Contain nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in aliphatic chains or aromatic rings, with the general formula RNH_2

Carbonyl Group

An arrangement where an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom (C=O).

Aldehyde

An organic compound with a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain, bonded to a carbon atom on one side and a hydrogen atom on the other.

Ketone

An organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Carboxylic Acid

An organic compound that has a carboxyl group.

Ester

Any organic compound with a carboxyl group in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.

Amide

An organic compound in which the –OH group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen atom bonded to other atoms.

Condensation Reaction

Two smaller organic molecules combine to form a more complex molecule, accompanied by the loss of a small molecule such as water.

Substitution reaction

A chemical reaction where one atom or group of atoms replaces another atom or group of atoms.

Condensation reaction

A chemical reaction where two or more small organic molecules combine to form a single molecule.

Elimination reaction

Is when two atoms or groups of atoms are removed from two adjacent carbon atoms in a molecule to form a new molecule.

Dehydrogenation reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the removal of two hydrogen atoms from an alkane.

Dehydration reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group (–OH) from an alcohol.

Dehydrohalogenation reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a halogen from an alkyl halide.

Addition reaction

When two atoms or groups of atoms are added to an unsaturated molecule, forming a single product.

Hydrogenation reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the addition of two hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated compound.

Hydration reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the addition of a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group (–OH) from a water molecule to an unsaturated compound.

Hydrohalogenation reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the addition of a hydrogen atom and a halogen from a hydrogen halide molecule to an unsaturated compound.

Halogenation reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the addition of two halogen atoms from a halogen molecule to an unsaturated compound.