Biolofy Unit 4 quiz + module 3 and 4 with notes from my notebook

which two characteristics define Climate?

temperature, amount of precipitation

Which of the following are the major (not minor) greenhouse gases?

methane and carbon dioxide

Fires and volcanic activity are natural events that produce which greenhouse gas?

CO ₂

According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall ______ in ocean and land temperature, and an overall ______ in ice formations.

increase; decrease

Which of the following minor contributing greenhouse gases are produced from agricultural practices using fertilizer and the burning of fossil fuels ?

nitrous oxides

The greenhouse effect:

is caused by gases absorbing and trapping heat (infrared) in the earth's atmosphere

sources of methane production.  Select Three Choices

decay of organic material, landfills, livestock release

Why is ocean acidification problematic for some marine life?

It decreases the amount of carbonate in the oceans, making the creation of shells and other hard structures difficult for marine life.

 Which of the following is NOT a carbon sink in the carbon cycle?

aerobic respiration

Organisms that can synthesize their own food are referred to as:

 

autotrophs

A(An) ______ represents the interactions of a community(biotic) and its physical environment (abiotic).

ecosystem

Which of the following extreme weather events are linked to human-caused climate change?

Coastal flooding, Extreme precipitation events, Heat waves, Severe drought

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis ______ atmospheric CO ₂, and aerobic cellular respiration ______ atmospheric CO ₂.

consumes; produces

Methane can retain and release about ____ times more heat than carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

30

Which of the following processes contributes the greatest amount of CO ₂ to the atmosphere?

the burning of fossil fuels

Which of the following are characteristics of carbon dioxide? 

stable, lasting for a long time in the atmosphere, measured in parts per million(ppm) in the atmosphere, deforestation has increased the gas in the atmosphere

How many total bonds can an atom of carbon form with other atoms?

 

4

Which component of a leaf is responsible for the ability of the plant to absorb solar radiation?

 

chlorophyll

Which equation correctly represents the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide + water ----> glucose + oxygen

Select the characteristics of how a fossil fuel typically forms. 

heat and pressure are required from the earth's crust, submerging organic material from dead plants and animals, long periods of time required

Desertification is an example of a biome level change that is associated with climate change. Which of the following is associated with desertification?

Poor agricultural practices, including the overgrazing of cattle

Which of the following best describes the effects climate change is having on tropical reef biomes?

The increase in water temperature disrupts the algae-coral symbiotic relationship, which results in death to the coral reefs.

The decrease in the ocean's pH is called ocean acidification. What impact has this had on shellfish?

Their shells are weak due to the lack of calcification.

What are the two most important insect vectors involved in the spread of bacterial and viral diseases?

Mosquitoes and ticks

As climate change continues, the prevalence of vector-borne disease has increased. Why is this?

As climates have warmed and winters have become less severe, the range of mosquitos and ticks has increased, bringing with them the diseases they carry.

Coral reefs, which form one of the most diverse ecosystems, are among the most rapidly declining species groups due to _____

coral bleaching

Almost _____ of the world’s coral reefs have been lost to these threats and projections say up to _____ of the remaining reefs will be gone by _____

50%, 90%, 2050

Which of the following changes in a biome may lead to desertification?

Changes in temperature, Removal of natural vegetation, Overgrazing livestock

_____ refers to a level of biological organization that represents the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors.

ecosystem

_____ describe the general characteristics of similar ecosystems across the globe.

biomes

Biomes are distinguished from one another by the two most important climatic variables _____.

temoerature and precipitation

One consequence of climate change is change in temperature and precipitation patterns, which results in

an increase in the severity and frequency of droughts and heat waves.

Which of these factors are used to measure an individual’s carbon footprint?

Food choices, Transportation, Waste disposal, Recycling, Energy usage

Traditional Energy Sources

Requires the use of fossil fuels, Nonrenewable energy, Releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, Coal, natural gas, and petroleum oil are examples

Alternative Energy Sources

Solar, wind, geothermal, biofuel, and hydroelectric sources are examples, Renewable energy, Does not require the use of fossil fuels, Clean energy

There are two forms of geoengineering. They are ______Blank and ______Blank.

carbon dioxide removal,
solar radiation management

Which of the following produces the greatest amount of carbon emissions and has the greatest impact on the human carbon footprint?

Driving cars powered by gasoline

Which of the following is considered to be a "clean" energy source?

Geothermal energy

Which of the following sources of alternative energy involves using uranium or other materials to split the nucleus of an atom?

Nuclear energy

Agricultural crops are being genetically engineered to be more tolerant of climate change. Which of the following describes a change that would help crops be more tolerant of climate change?

Engineer crops to withstand extremely hot temperatures.

Select all of the common sources of alternative and renewable energy.

Solar energy, Wind

Climate Change impacts diseases through

mosquitos prone to warmer areas can spread to areas that are getting warmer and spread diseases to those new areas

How do temperatures and droughts effect humans?

changes in precipitation patterns amplified the severity of droughts and heat waves, causing more wildfires and reservoirs to be low on water, disrupts agriculture and forestry production

more people die from ____ than other climate related issues

heatwaves

first mammal lost from climate change

bramble cay melonys (mouse) (coral reefs are very threatened)

How does climate change effect coral reefs?

warming waters disrupt the symbiotic relationship between Coral reefs and algae, coral reefs eject the protists, no food for coral reefs, both die

How does desertification happen?

grasslands —- desert, in addition to climate change, deforestation and poor agricultural practices lead tot he conversion (and overgrazing of livestock, decrease in natural vegetation)

Alternative/Renewable energy sources

solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric

geothermal sources

only in areas with volcanic and techtonic activity

wind and solar

require a lot of land, and funding

hydroelectric

using dams and water turbines to produce electricity

GMO’s

allow for genetic variaties of food to be grown in areas with high drought or high temperatures