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NSG 426, LTB/Epiglottitis
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49 Terms
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1
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- laryngotracheobronchitis
- epiglottitis
- tracheitis
What conditions can cause croup?
2
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croup
the inflammation of the epiglottis, larynx, trachea, and possibly even the bronchi
3
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croup
What is the most common cause of cough, hoarseness, and stridor in children?
4
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small diameter of airway
What feature do children have that makes croup potentially life threatening?
5
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- viral
- bacterial
What are the classifications of croup syndromes?
6
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- spasmodic laryngitis
- laryngotracheobronchitis
What are the types of viral croup?
7
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- epiglottitis
- bacterial tracheitis
What are the types of bacterial croup?
8
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distance from home to ER
What is an important consideration when deciding to discharge a child with croup?
9
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night
When does croup get worse?
10
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long distance from ER
Why would you admit a child with a mild case of croup to the hospital?
11
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laryngotracheobronchitis
What is the most common croup syndrome?
12
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laryngotracheobronchitis
viral infection of the upper airway which includes the throat, larynx, and trachea
13
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upper airway infection
What precedes LTB?
14
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6 months-3 years
What age range is LTB most commonly diagnosed in?
15
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boys
Which gender is more affected by LTB?
16
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stridor
What is a hallmark sign of LTB?
17
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- inflammation
- edema
What causes narrowing of airway in LTB?
18
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- parainfluenza virus
- influenza A or B
- RSV
What are causes of LTB?
19
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- direct contact of contaminated hands
- inahaled from cough/sneeze
What is the mode of transmission for LTB viruses?
20
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laryngotracheobronchitis
- hx of URI or cold
- awake at night w/ low grade fever
- barking cough
- noisy breathing
- stridor
- sore throat
- rhinorrhea
21
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Downes and Raphaely Croup Score
What scale can be used to assess croup?
22
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mental status
What assessment is imperative to ascertain if a child with LTB is suffering from hypoxia or respiratory failure?
23
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clinical signs
What is used to make a diagnosis of LTB?
24
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airway narrowing
What should you see in the x-ray of a child with LTB?
25
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steeple sign
What is the narrowing of the airway seen in x-rays with LTB known as?
26
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held upright over parent's shoulder
What may be a position of comfort to maximize breathing for children with LTB?
27
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- corticosteroids
- racemic epinephrine
What drugs can be given to help reduce airway inflammation with LTB?
28
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resuscitation equipment
What should be kept at the bedside of a child with LTB?
29
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- mild symptoms do not improve with cool air
- increased labored breathing
- increased respiratory rate
- increased lethargy
- inadequate urine output
When should parents of children with LTB call the provider when discharged to home?
30
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epiglottitis
inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis
31
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epiglottitis
What croup syndrome is a medical emergency?
32
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epiglottis
What structure covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea?
33
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airway obstruction
What is the main concern of epiglottitis?
34
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Haemophilus influenzae B
What is the predominant cause of epiglottitis?
35
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Hib vaccine
What vaccine dramatically decreased the incidence of epiglottitis?
36
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2-6 years
In what age range is epiglottitis most common?
37
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males
Which gender does epiglottitis affect more?
38
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epiglottitis
- high fever
- stridor
- secretions in pharynx and larynx
- drooling
- respiratory distress
39
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cherry red and swollen
How does the epiglottis present in epiglottitis?
40
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2-6 hours
What is the onset of epiglottitis?
41
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sniffing position
position assumed in small children with epiglottitis in which the neck is extended
42
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tripod position
involves the child sitting upright with hands on knees; seen in older children with epiglottitis
43
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keep the child calm
What is an important intervention when a child has epiglottitis?
44
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- soft tissue edema
- steeple sign
- large, rounded epiglottis
What is seen in an x-ray with epiglottitis?
45
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ET tube insertion
What is the first intervention for epiglottitis?
46
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antibiotics
What should be administered after the airway is secured in epiglottitis?
47
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nothing
What can be administered by mouth if a child has epiglottitis?
48
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do not put anything in the child's mouth
What is an important nursing consideration for epiglottitis?
49
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supraglottic obstruction
What could increased drooling with epiglottitis indicate?
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