Unit 5, RIII's Usurpation, rule, and downfall key dates + facts

Usurpation

(Personal strength)

EIV named him as regent for EV + gave him Warwick’s estate bcs of his loyalty

1471

Usurpation

(Personal strength)

Led retaliation of Scottish invasion + captured Edinburgh (shows good leader)

1481

Usurpation

(Fact, not date)

What was the reason for Elizabeth Woodville + Hasting’s rivalry?

• Hastings encouraged EIV’s infidelity

• Hastings didn’t like Woodville’s increased authority

Usurpation

(Fact, not date)

1. What did EIV’s death highlight?

2. What was the result?

1. Woodville’s lack of allies

2. Wanted EV’s coronation QUICK + didn’t tell RIII that EIV died (so could choose council) BUT Hastings told RIII so he could go to London

Usurpation

Petition for RIII to be king

26th April 1483

Usurpation

Lord Rivers arrested → in RIII’s control

End of April 1483

Usurpation

When was EV’s coronation date meant to be?

5 May 1483

Usurpation

(Fact, not date)

What was the effect of the Princes in the Tower?

Alienates Woodvilles, had to be reactive not pro-active from start of rule

Usurpation

Hastings executed without trial on Gloucester's orders - treason

13 June 1483

Usurpation

Rivers + Lord Grey executed → Lowered noble support bcs distrust

25 June

Usurpation

(Personal strength)

During dispute w/ Woodville’s (June), sent for help from Earl of Northumberland + Mayor of York → troops arrived (date) → reminded people of Margeret’s Northern host so scared them

• June 1483

• July 1483

Usurpation

RIII Crowned (4 months b/w EIV’s death + his crowning)

July 1483

Rule

Buckingham’s rebellion:

• Possibly bcs dissatisfied w/ rewards/position given by RIII, or self preservation bcs of RIII’s unpopularity

• Buckingham = closest ally → deepened distrust

• Crushed (date)

• Buckingham executed (date)

• No more noble rebellions for rest of rule

Crushed - Oct 1483

Buckingham executed - Nov 1483

Rule

Parliament saw over 100 people attained, 2/3 of their estates confiscated

Jan 1484

Rule/nature of Usurpation

Titulus regulus:

• Act of Parliament

• Made EIV + Elizabeth’s marriage invalid → children = illegitimate → outrageous → increased suspicion about usurpation

1484

Rule

Council of the North established - increased law + order/defended northern boarder

1484

Rule

(Fact, not date)

What judicial reforms did RIII make?

• Legal aid → poor people can access legal system

• Legal representatives for common people

Rule

(Fact, not date)

RIII’s council:

• Used men of ability to advise, BUT introduced Northerners like (name) and replaced Southerners → lacked southern support in Bosworth

Thomas Barowe

Rule

(Fact, not date)

What did RIII do to avoid taxing for the war vs Scotland

Called in debts owed to crown BUT not enough £, SO had to demand forced loans from nobles

Rule

Signed 3yr truce w/ Scotland after his support for Duke of Albany to usurp Scottish throne failed

1484

Rule

RIII tries to bribe Duke of Brittany into handing over HVII → HVII fleed to France, secured their protection (important bcs France = stronger + bigger power)

Early 1485

Downfall

Battle of Bosworth:

• Lacked southerner support

• HVII’s troops sponsored by Charles VIII of France (3,000/5,0000 army + ships), Wales, Scotland, Brittany

August 1485