Nervous System

Meningitis

________- highly contagious bacterial /viral inflammation of the meninges resulting in flu- like symptoms.

Epilepsy

________- repeated seizures, a result of abnormal electrical activity in brain.

Dendrites

________- multiple extensions that conduct impulses toward cell body.

Oligodendrocytes

________- produce myelin sheath in the CNS.

Parkinsons

________- deteriorating dopamine- releasing neurons in basal nuclei causes trouble with movements.

Axon

________- extension that conducts impulses away from cell body.

Ataxia

________- clumsy /disorganized movement, loss of coordination due to trauma, stroke, or tumor in Cerebellum.

Contusion

________- nervous tissue is destructed and does not regenerate, often conciousness lost.

Astrocytes

________- star- shaped cells, form a barrier between capillaries and neurons.

Multiple Sclerosis

________- autoimmune disease, body destroys the myelin sheath resulting in malfunction of electrical currents.

Concussion

________- slight, nonpermanent brain injury, can result in dizziness, sensitivity, etc.

Huntingtons

________- overactive dopamine cells resulting in involuntary movement and jerky motions.

Nissl Substance

________- specialized rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Alzheimers

________- type of dementia results in progressive loss of brain function, mainly affects behavior /memory.

Microglia

________- spider- like phagocytes, dispose of debris.

Stroke

________- (Cerebrovascular Accident)- result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain, causing death of brain tissue from lack of oxygen.

Cerebral Edema

________- swelling of brain from an inflammatory response, may compress and kill tissue.

Dementia

________- loss of function in 2 or more areas of cognition, could include memory, judgement, behavior, etc.

Ependymal Cells

________- line cavities of brain /spinal cord, circulate CSF.

Cerebral Palsy

________- damage to brain before /during birth or infancy, often results in motor /cognitive impair.

Astrocytes

star-shaped cells, form a barrier between capillaries and neurons

Ependymal Cells

line cavities of brain/spinal cord, circulate CSF

Microglia

spider-like phagocytes, dispose of debris

Oligodendrocytes

produce myelin sheath in the CNS

Satellite Cells

protect and cushion cell bodies

Schwann Cells

form the myelin sheath in PNS

Axon

extension that conducts impulses away from cell body

Dendrites

multiple extensions that conduct impulses toward cell body

Neurofibrils

intermediate cytoskeleton, maintains cell shape

Nissl Substance

specialized rough endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus

makes ribosomes

Central Nervous System

brain and spinal cord, responsible for integration

Peripheral nervous system

nerves outside brain/spinal cord, responsible for sensory and motor

Somatic Nervous System

division of PNS that controls voluntary functions

Autonomic Nervous System

division of the PNS that controls involuntary functions

Sympathetic Nervous System

fight or flight system, controls things like heart rate and breathing

Parasympathetic Nervous System

inhibitor, returns body to homeostasis after flight/flight

Dementia

loss of function in 2 or more areas of cognition, could include memory, judgement, behavior, etc

Alzheimers

type of dementia results in progressive loss of brain function, mainly affects behavior/memory

Ataxia

clumsy/disorganized movement, loss of coordination due to trauma, stroke, or tumor in Cerebellum

Cerebral Edema

swelling of brain from an inflammatory response, may compress and kill tissue

Cerebral Palsy

damage to brain before/during birth or infancy, often results in motor/cognitive impair

Concussion

slight, nonpermanent brain injury, can result in dizziness, sensitivity, etc

Contusion

nervous tissue is destructed and does not regenerate, often conciousness lost

Epilepsy

repeated seizures, a result of abnormal electrical activity in brain

Huntingtons

overactive dopamine cells resulting in involuntary movement and jerky motions

Meningitis

highly contagious bacterial/viral inflammation of the meninges resulting in flu-like symptoms

Multiple Sclerosis

autoimmune disease, body destroys the myelin sheath resulting in malfunction of electrical currents

Parkinsons

deteriorating dopamine-releasing neurons in basal nuclei causes trouble with movements

contain all motor/association neurons:

central nervous system

allows the left/right hemispheres to communicate

corpus callosum

all signals must travel to ___ for integration

CNS

How long is the spinal cord

approx. 17in

brain stem is about the size of a ___

thumb

brain tumors are usually formed by

neuroglia

damage to ___ can cause permanent unconsciousness

reticular formation

describe bipolar neurons:

have 2 processes extending from the cell body, 1 axon and 1 dendrite

location of cell bodies in the NS

most sensory cell bodies are in the ganglia in the PNS, motor and interneuron cell bodies are in the CNS

describe the projections found on a neuron:

fibers branch off the cell body varying in length, one axon carries nerve impulses away from the cell body and branches into axon terminals, dendrites are often multiple branches on the body which bring impulses to the body

describe the reflex arc

a receptor detects a stimulus, a signal is sent through sensory neuron, enters an interneuron (CNS) for integration, then signal for response in sent out to a motor neuron, reaching the effector

describe the size of neurons

neuron projections can be anywhere from microscopic to seven feet long

transmission of a nerve impulse

stimulations depolarizes membrane of polarized neuron, Na and K diffuse in/out, action potential is created and propagates along the membrane. the sodium-potassion pump restores polarization.