Lipids: Cholesterol

Principles of Biochemistry

yes

Is cholesterol considered a steroid

simple diffusion

what type of transport doesn’t use a protein carrier for diffusion across a membrane

facilitated diffusion

what type of transport does use a protein carrier for diffusion across a membrane (channel)

facilitated diffsion

what type of transport does use a protein carrier for diffusion across a membrane(passive transport)

active transport

what type of transport does use a protein carrier for diffusion across a membrane(active transporter)

HDL

what is the highest density lipoprotein

active transport

The only type of membrane transport that moves up the concentration gradient

Chylomicrons

What is the lowest density lipoprotein

animal

Cholesterol is a key component in the plasma membrane of what type of cell

from diet and synthesized from other molecules of the body

What are the different ways cholesterol can be obtained for the bodies use

liver

What organ is cholesterol mainly synthesized at

cytosol

What part of the cell is cholesterol mainly synthesized in

acetyl-CoA

Where do the carbon atoms of cholesterol originate from

4 stages

How many stages are there to synthesize cholesterol

Mevalonate

(first step)In order for synthesis of cholesterol to occur acetyl-CoA must be present. Then acetyl-CoA must be condensed to….

HMG-CoA reductase 

In order for acetyl-CoA to be condensed to its final form of (…) it needs this enzyme

activated isoprene

(second step) In order for synthesis of cholesterol to occur mevalonate must be converted to 

squalene

(third step) In order for synthesis of cholesterol to occur activated isoprene must be condensed to form

cholesterol

(final step) In order for synthesis of cholesterol to occur squalene must be converted to 

converted to bile acids

Since cholesterol isn’t metabolized for energy nor broken down how is the excess disposed of

gall bladder

what organ are bile acids stored in

sodium and potassium salts

what are bile salts made of

lipases

What hydrolyzes bile salts after it has emulsified fat into smaller components

Chylomicron

this lipoprotein is the largest but is the lowest in density

density

what are lipoproteins classified based off

Chylomicron

This lipoprotein carries lipids from intestines to tissue for consumption and storage

VLDL

This lipoprotein transports dietary lipids and cholesterol from liver to muscle and adipose tissue

VLDL

This lipoprotein is the second largest and is very low in density

LDL

This lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the liver tissues

LDL

This lipoprotein has low density but has high cholesterol ester

HDL

This lipoprotein is the only one with high density

HDL

This lipoprotein transports cholesterol to the liver (remove from blood)

lipoprotein

These molecules transport cholesterol in the blood

endocytosis

Cholesterol is taken into the cell by receptors via a process that engulfs particles from outside the cell

LDL receptors

WHat receptor allows cholesterol to by pass into the cell

atherosclerosis

This disease deposits extra blood cholesterol into arterial blood vessels causing a plaque to be formed causing a heart attack or stroke

stroke

Blocking blood supply to brain

heart attack

blocking blood supply to heart

HDL

What lipoprotein is considered the good cholesterol

LDL

what lipoprotein is considered the bad cholesterol

Lovastatin; Lipitor

What are some medications that can aid in lowering cholesterol levels