Pathophysiology - QUIZ 1 WCU

Physiology

The normal functions of the human body and the relationships of its parts

Pathology

The laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease

Disease

Develops when changes that occur in the body lead to a state where homeostasis can no longer be maintained without intervention

Homeostasis

the maintenance of a stable internal environment regardless of external changes that occur

Basic science

Indentify technology to limit or prevent disease process; occurs in labs with animals or cell cultures

Diagnosis

The identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms, lab tests, and other tools

Etiology

The causative factors in a particular diease

Idopathic

cause of disease is unknown

Iatrogenic

a treatment, a procedure, or an error may cause a disease

Predisposing factors

Tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual

Prophylaxis

A measure designed to preserve health and precent the spread of diease

Pathogenesis

The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process.

Onset

Beginning of a diease

Acute onset

Begins sudden and obvious

Insidious onset

gradual progression with only vague or very mild signs

Acute diease

A short-term illness that that develops quickly with marked signs

Chronic disease

a disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time

Subclinical

pathologic changes occur but no obvious manifestations exhibited, perhaps because of great reserve capacity of some organs. Ex: kidney damage may progress to an advanced stage of renal failure before symptoms are manifested.

Latent

No clinical signs are evident

Incubation

period of gestation

Prodromal

Time period in early disease when one is aware of the change in the body but the signs are nonspecific

Manifestations

Clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms of disease.

Local

Found at the sight of the problem

Systemic

General indicators of illness such as fever

Signs

objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the affected individual

Symptoms

subjective feelings, such as pain or nausea

Lesion

specific local change in tissue

Syndrome

collection of signs and symptoms

Sequelae

potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition

Convalescence/Rehabilitation

period of recovery and return to the normal healthy state

Precipitating factor

condition that triggers an acute episode

Prognosis

Defines the probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes

Morbidity

the disease rates within a group

Mortality

relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease

Epidemiology

the science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

Incidence

The number of new cases in a given population noted within a stated time period

Prevalence

Number of new and old or existing cases in a specific population within a specified time period

Epidemic

A disease occurring in higher numbers than usual in a certain population within a given period

Pandemic

A worldwide increase in the numbers of people effected by a disease

Communicable

infections that can be spread from one person to another

Atrophy

decrease in cell size

Hypertrophy

Increase in cell size

Results in enlarged tissue mass

Hyperplasia

increase in number of cells

Metaplasia

Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type

Dysplasia

cells vary in size and shape within a tissue

Anaplasia

cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic figures

Neoplasia

the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

Apoptosis

programmed cell death, a normal occurrence in the body

Necrosis

the death of one or more cells or a portion of a tissue or organ as a result of irreversible damage

Ischemia

decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ, due to circulatory obstruction

Hypoxia

Reduced oxygen in tissues

Anaerobic metabolism

The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.