PSYC 337 McGill studies + more midterm 1

McGrath et al.

RQ/Purpose: aimed to determine whether distance interventions provided by nonprofessionals could significantly decrease the proportion of children diagnosed with disruptive behavior or anxiety disorders compared with usual care
Method: In three practical randomized controlled trials, 243 children (80 with oppositional-defiant, 72 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and 91 with anxiety disorders) were stratified by DSM-IV diagnoses and randomized to receive the Strongest Families intervention (treatment) or usual care (control). Assessments were blindly conducted and evaluated at 120, 240, and 365 days after randomization. The intervention consisted of evidence-based participant materials (handbooks and videos) and weekly telephone coach sessions. The main outcome was mental health diagnosis change
Results: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that for each diagnosis significant treatment effects were found at 240 and 365 days after randomization. Moreover, in the overall analysis significantly more children were not diagnosed as having disruptive behavior or anxiety disorders in the treatment group than the control group

Sullivan (2000)

RQ/Purpose: to examine the role of “catastrophizing” in mediating gender differences in pain experience and pain behavior.
Method: 80 healthy students (42 W, 38 M) who completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) then submerged an arm in ice water for 1 minute. They then wereinterviewd to assess the coping stragies used. Independent reviewers examined videos and coded participants’ pain behavior during and following immersion.
Results: women reported more intense pain and engaged in pain behavior for a longer period. When PCS scores were controlled, gender was NO LONGER a significant predictor of pain/behavior. For women, the helplessness subscale of the PCS contributed unique variance to to the prediction of pain/behavior. For men, no subscale did this.

Sullivan (1989)

RQ/Purpose: predicted that negative affect leads to low effort attributional processing and that positive affect leads to high-effort attributional processing.
Methods: Studies 1 & 2 — negative, neutral, and positive affect was induced by asking participants to describe respective events. Subjects than made attributions for other’s positive or negative behaviors. Study 3 replicated the same method, with subjects assigned to affect condition (negative or neutral) based on the level of chronic depression.
Results: Studies 1 & 2 — subjects in the negative affect condition generated more correspondent dispositional attributions than subjects in the positive or neutral affect conditions for both positive and negative behaviors. Study 3 replicated these results. increased negative affect in the negative affect conditions was associated with more low-effort attributional processing.

Pimental et al.

RQ/Purpose: investigated the sequential relation between changes in symptom catastrophizing and changes in PTSD symptom severity.
Methods: 73 work-disabled individuals enrolled in a 10-week behavioral activation intervention. Measures of symptom catastrophizing and PTSD symptom severity were completed at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment assessment points.
Results: symptom catastrophizing accounted for significant variance in PTSD-SS. early change in symptom catastrophizing predicted later change in PSTD symptoms. The reverse is NOT found.

Pavilanis et al.

RQ/Purpose: examined the relation between illness-related and psychosocial variables in the severity of PTSS in individuals previously infected with COVID-19.
Method: 381 individuals who were infected with COVID-19 in the previous 4 months completed online measures of infection symptom severity, ongoing symptom burden, fear of dying and catastrophizing.
Results: fear of dying and catastrophic thinking about COVID-19 symptoms might correlate to the development of PTSS following COVID-19 infection.

MMPI - 1

hypochondriasis

MMPA - 2

depression

MMPA - 3

hysteria

MMPA - 4

psychopathic deviate

MMPA - 5

masculinity-femininity

MMPA - 6

paranoia

MMPA - 7

psychasthemia

MMPA - 8

schizophrenia

MMPA - 9

mania

MMPA - 0 or 10

social introversion

MMPA hypochondriasis characteristics

somatizers, possible medical problems

MMPA depression characteristics

dysphoric, possibly suicidal

MMPA hysteria characteristics

highly reactive to stress, anxious, sad at times

MMPA psychopathic deviate characteristics

antisocial, dishonest, possible drug abuser / SUDs

MMPA masculinity-femininity characteristics

lack of stereotypical masculine characteristics, aesthetic and artistic

MMPA paranoia characteristics

disturbed thinking, ideas of prosecution, psychotic

MMPA psychasthenia characteristics

psychological turmoil and discomfort, extreme anxiety

MMPA schizophrenia characteristics

confused, disorganized, possible hallucinations

MMPA mania characteristics

manic, emotionally labile, unrealistic self-appraisal

MMPA social introversion characteristics

very insecure and uncomfortable in social situations, timid