Final Exam Finala ASA prep

Should it become necessary to hand prop an airplane engine, it is extremely important that a competent pilot...

Be at the controls of the cockpit.

What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine?

Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges.

What is one purpose for using reciprocating engines?

They are relatively simple and inexpensive to operate.

One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for...

Improved engine performance.

An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would...

Experience avionics equipment failure.

If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine...

Cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position.

The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the...

Difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.

The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel / air mixture at attitude is to...

Decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.

While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?

The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.

During the run-up at a high-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action?

Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture.

If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be...

Loss of RPM.

The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting...

A decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.

Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?

Temperature between 20F and 70F and high humidity.

The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as...

High as 70F and the relative humidity is high.

Carburetor icing can occur with an OAT as high as...

20C and high relative humidity.

Applying carburetor heat will...

Enrich the fuel/air mixture.

What change occurs in the fuel/air mixture when carburetor heat is applied?

The fuel/air mixture becomes richer.

Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to...

Decrease engine performance.

With regard to carburetor ice, float-type carburetor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems are generally considered to be...

More susceptible to icing.

On an aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used?

In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails.

If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause...

Detonation

[T] Detonation may occur at high-power settings when...

The fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.

[T] Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when...

The unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.

The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as...

Pre-ignition.

What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?

The next higher octane aviation gas.

Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will...

Prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.

To properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the...

Fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps.

If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to...

Lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.

Excessively high engine temperatures will...

Cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.

Excessively high engine temperatures, either in the air or on the ground, will...

Cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.

If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with...

Too much power and the mixture set too lean.

Which would most likely cause the cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to exceed their normal operating ranges?

Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating. (Lower octane)

For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines are especially dependent on...

The circulation of lubricating oil.

Which is true regarding preheating an aircraft during cold weather operations?

The cabin area as well as the engine should be preheated.

An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by...

The oil level being too low.

What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?

Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed.

What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?

Enrichen the fuel mixture.

The most important rule to remember in the event of a power failure after becoming airborne is to...

Immediately establish the proper gliding altitude and airspeed.

How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?

The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM.

What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller?

Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient engine performance.

A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to...

Avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.

In what flight conditions are torque effects more pronounced in a single-engine airplane?

Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.

The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the...

Propeller blade descending on the right, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.

When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?

When at high angles of attack.

During the preflight inspection who is responsible for determining the aircraft is safe for flight?

The pilot-in-command.

How should an aircraft preflight inspection be accomplished for the first flight of the day?

Thorough and systematic means recommended by the manufacturer.

Who is primarily responsible for maintaining an aircraft in airworthy condition?

Owner or operator.

poor accuracy

poor precision

kinetic energy

energy of motion

-magnitude depends on the objects mass and velocity

=1/2 mv^2

sig fig

+ or -

# with fewest decimal places

sig fig

x or ÷

# with fewest significant figures

Rutherford's gold foil experiment

bombarded foil with alph-particles

-based on the scattering distribution, he proposed nuclear model

Thompson's investigation of cathode rays

emission of negative particles (electrons) from the negative electrode (cathode)

Rutherford's investigation of alpha, beta, and gamma emissions

apply an electric field to bend the particles to show

-alpha particles are + and heavy

-beta particles are - and lighter

milkman's oil drop experiment

used electric field balance the gravity force and calculated the charge carried by an oil droplet.

-deduced charge of a single electron

Atomic mass unit (amu)

1 12C atom= exactly 12 amu

1 amu= 1.66054x10^-24

1 g= 6.022x10^23

mass number (A)

# protons + #neutrons

# protons

mass number

# electrons

atomic number (+- charge)

# neutrons

atomic number - mass number

atomic number (Z)

# protons

# electrons

isotopes

same # protons

diff # electrons

periodic table metals

periodic table nonmetals

periodic table transition metals

periodic table metalloids

alkali metals

alkaline earth metals

halogens

noble gases

metals

tend to lose e-

form cation

nonmetals

tend to gain e-

form anion

ionic compound

metal + nonmetal

molecular compound

nonmetal + nonmetal

Scientific Notation

A number in scientific notation contains a coefficient between 1 and 10 and a power of 10 and a unit.

Ex 150m=1.5 x 100= 1.5 (coefficient) x 10^2m (power of ten,unit)

Kilo

1000 or 10^3

Centi

0.01 or 10^-2

Milli

0.001 or 10^-3

Micro

0.000001 or 10^-6

Nano

0.000000001 or 10^-9

Exact numbers

have defined values and are # obtained by counting.

Inexact numbers

are numbers obtained by any method other than counting.

Significant figures

are the meaningful digits in a reported number.

An uncertain digit

is the last digit in a measured number.

Any nonzero digit is significant

1129 m = 4 significant figures.

Zeros between nonzero digits are significant

109 cm 3 significant figures

Zeros to the LEFT of the first nonzero digit are not significant

0.0003 kg 1 significant figure

Zeros to the RIGHT of the last nonzero digit are significant if a decimal is present.

9.550 m = 4 significant figures

In multiplication and division the number of significant figures...

in the final product or quotient is determined by the original number that has the smallest number of significant figures.

Accuracy

tells us how close a measurement is to the TRUE value

Precision

tells us how closely multiple measurements of the same thing are to one another.

The equation to find Density...

d=m/v

(mass over volume)

An Extensive property of matter...

Depends on the amount of matter

An Intensive property of matter...

Does not depend on the amount of matter

Substance

is a form of matter that has definite composition and distinct properties.

All substances can, in principle, exist as a...

solid, liquid or gas.

Solids and liquids are referred to collectively as the ______ phases.

condensed

Mixture

is a physical combination of two or more substances.

Homogeneous mixture

is uniform throughout

Heterogeneous mixture

is not uniform throughout