PROGRAMMING SUMMATIVE
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62 Terms
HTML meaning?
HyperText Markup Language
When was HTML invented?
1989
Who invented HTML?
Tim Berners-Lee
When was HTML 1.0 released?
1993
Current version of HTML as of today?
HTML 5.0
the method used to represent characters as numbers that computers can understand.
Character Encoding
used to represent binary values in a more convenient and compact way.
Hexadecimal
3 Character Encoding Standards
ACII, Unicode, UTF-8
what does ACII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
the most basic character encoding standard. It uses 7 bits to represent 128 characters, which includes letters, numbers, and symbols commonly used in the English language.
ACII
a more comprehensive character encoding standard that supports a much larger number of characters from different languages and scripts. It can use up to 32 bits to represent over a million characters, including those from non-Latin scripts like Chinese, Arabic, and Cyrillic.
Unicode
a widely used character encoding standard that is compatible with ASCII. It uses a variable-length encoding that can represent characters using between 1 and 4 bytes2, depending on the character being encoded.
UTF-8
is the most commonly used character encoding standard for web development today. It is the default encoding standard used by HTML5, and is recommended for use in all modern web applications.
UTF-8
refers to the rules, guidelines, and conventions that define how HTML code should be structured and written.
HTML Syntax
tells the web browser which version of HTML is being used in the document.
DOCTYPE Declaration
DOCTYPE declaration for HTML5
<!DOCTYPE html>
is a part of a webpage, like a paragraph of text, an image, or a form. It's the basic unit of content and structure within an HTML document.
HTML Elements
the markers that define the start and end of an element.
HTML Tags
used to create the main structure of a web page, such as headers, paragraphs, and lists. They start on a new line and take up the full width of the page, which means that any content placed inside a block-level element will create a new block of content, separate from the content before or after it.
Block-Level Elements
used to style content within block-level elements, such as links and images. They don't start on a new line and only take up as much space as needed to display their content. This means that multiple inline elements can appear on the same line, separated by a space.
Inline Elements
are a way to add notes or remarks in an HTML document that won't be visible to the user.
HTML Comments
provide additional information about an element, such as its style, source, or behavior. They are included within the opening tag and consist of a name-value pair.
Attributes
can be enclosed in quotes, single quotes, or left unquoted, depending on the specific attribute and the values it accepts.
Values
which can be applied to any HTML element. They are useful for a wide range of purposes, such as assigning unique identifiers, adding classes for styling, or providing additional information about an element. Examples include id, class, style, and title.
Global Attributes
which are specific to particular HTML elements and cannot be used with all elements. They provide functionality or modify the behavior of specific elements, making them essential for proper usage of those elements. Examples include href (specific to <a> elements), src (specific to <img> and media elements), and type (specific to <input> elements).
Element-Specific Attributes
Essential components of a HTML document?
<html>, <head>, and <body>
is one of the most important tags in an HTML document, as it defines the entire web page and serves as the starting point for every HTML document.
HTML Tag
provides the basic structure and content of the web page.
HTML
defines the presentation of HTML content, including its layout, colors, and fonts.
CSS
adds interactivity to the web page, making it more engaging and dynamic for the user.
JavaScript
is a powerful tool that allows web developers to change the content and structure of an HTML document using JavaScript code.
Document Object Model
provide structure and hierarchy to a web page by indicating which sections are more important or subordinate to others.
Heading
used to make the enclosed text bold.
<strong> tag
used to make the enclosed text italic.
<em> tag
used to underline the enclosed text.
<u> tag
used to make the enclosed text superscript (slightly above the regular text).
<sup> tag
used to make the enclosed text subscript (slightly below the regular text).
<sub> tag
used to strike through text, indicating that it has been deleted or is no longer relevant.
<del> tag
used to highlight text with a background color, indicating that it is of special importance.
<mark> tag
used for short, inline quotes (typically just a few words or a short phrase).
<q> tag
used for longer, block quotes. It is often used to quote entire paragraphs or sections of text, and is typically rendered with indentation or a different font to set it apart from the surrounding text.
<blockquote> tag
mark up the title or source of a book, film, song, or any other creative work, provide attribution or credit for an idea or information, or indicate a reference to another source
<cite> tag
semantic tag that helps search engines and screen readers understand the content of the page.
<footer> tag
a simple element that creates a new line of text within a block-level element.
Line Breaks (or <br> tag)
visual element that creates a horizontal line across the width of a block-level element.
Horizontal Rule (or <hr> tag)
used to display inline code snippets.
<code> tag
To display preformatted text like computer code, poetry, or song lyrics in HTML
<pre> tag
used to display a list of items with no particular order.
Unodered List (or <ul> tag)
used to display a list of items in a specific order.
Ordered List (or <ol> tag)
used to display a list of terms and their definitions
Definition List (or <dl> tag>
you can create a hierarchy of information, where sub-lists are indented to show they belong to a parent list item.
Nested List
used to display data in rows and columns. They are a great way to present data in a structured and organized way.
HTML Tables
an essential element of any website. They not only add visual interest but can also help to communicate information to users.
Images
specifies the source URL of the image that should be displayed.
src attribute
provides alternative text that will be displayed if the image cannot be loaded. It is also used by screen readers for visually impaired users.
alt attribute
specifies the width of the image.
width attribute
specifies the height of the image in pixels or as a percentage of its parent container.
height attribute
The most common image formats used on the web
JPEG, PNG, and GIF
a path that starts from the directory of the HTML file.
Relative Path
a path that starts from the root directory of the website.
Absolute Path
specify a list of image files with different resolutions, sizes, and formats.
srcset attribute
specifies the size of the image container in which the image will be displayed.
size attribute