Chapter 5- Electricity, Magnetism, & Electromagnetism

What is electrostatics?

Science of stationary electric charges

What is electrodynamics?

Science of electric charges in motion

What is electromagnetism?

Describes how electrons are given electric potential energy (voltage) and how electrons in motion create magnetism.

What is electromagentic induction?

Means of transferring electric potential energy from one position to another (transformer)

Electric charges are either what or what?

Positive or negative (protons or electrons)

What is an electrified object?

An object with too many or too few electrons

How can electrified objects be achieved?

Conduction, induction, or friction

What is the fundamental unit of electric charge?

Coulomb (C)

One coulomb is how many electron charges?

6.3 x 10^18

Each electric charge has what?

An electric field

How does the electric field point for a positive charge?

Outwards

How does the electric field point for a negative charge?

Inwards

How does the electric field point for uncharged particles?

No electric field

What is the electrostatic force?

The force of attraction or repulsion

Electrostatic force between objects is strong when objects are __________, but rapidly decrease as they __________

Close together; separate

What is electric potential?

Electric charges close together have the potential to do work when they fly apart

What is the unit of electric potential?

Volt (V)

The higher the electric potential, the greater the potential to do what?

Work

What is electric current (electricity)?

Electric potential moving along a conductor (wire)

What is an insulator?

Any material that does not allow electron flow

What is a conductor?

Any substance through which electrons flow easily

What is a semiconductor?

Material that under certain conditions behaves as an insulator and in other conditions, behaves as a conductor

As the temperature of a conductor increases, the resistance to flow does what?

Decreases

What is an electric circuit?

A conductor made into a closed path with resistance

What can reducing the diameter of a conducting wire or inserting a circuit element do to the circuit?

Increase resistance of the circuit

What does increasing electric resistance result in?

A reduced electric current

What is the unit used to measure electric current?

Ampere (A)

What is the unit used to measure electric resistance?

Ohms

What is the equation defining the manner in which electric currents behave in a circuit?

V=IR

What are the two base circuits?

Series circuit and parallel circuit

What are series circuits?

All circuit elements are connected in a line along the same conductor

What are parallel circuits?

Circuit elements are connected at their ends by 2 wires instead of connected in a line along the conductor

What are the two electric circuits?

Direct current and alternating current

What is direct current?

Electric current flows in one direction along a conductor

What is alternating current?

Electric current (electrons) oscillate back and forth on a conductor

How is electric power measured?

In watts

How many ampere are in one volt?

One

What creates a magnetic field?

Any charged particle in motion

The magnetic field created is _________ to the motion of the electric field

Perpendicular

Magnetic field lines are random by nature but always have what?

A north and south pole

What is a magnetic dipole?

Small magnet created by the electron orbit

What is a magnetic domain?

When multiple magnetic dipoles become aligned.

When magnetic domains align the object acts as what?

A magnet with north and south poles

What are the three principle types of magnets?

Naturally occurring, artificially induced permanent magnets, and electromagnets.

What is an example of a naturally occurring magnet?

Earth

What is an example of an artificially induced permanent magnet?

Compass

What is an example of electromagnets?

Wire wrapped around an iron core

What does the wire do for an electromagnet?

Current conducted through the wire creates a magnetic field proportional to the electric current that was supplied

What does the iron core do for an electromagnet?

Proves to increase the intensity of the magnetic field

What are the four magnetic states of matter?

Nonmagnetic, Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic

What does nonmagnetic mean?

Unaffected when brought into magnetic field

What does diamagnetic mean?

Cannot be artificially magnetized, not attracted to magnets

What does paramagnetic mean?

Strongly attracted by magnetic fields and are easily magnetized

What does ferromagnetic mean?

Slightly attracted to magnets, loosely influenced by external magnetic fields

What are examples of nonmagnetic matter?

Wood and glass

What are examples of diamagnetic matter?

Water and plastic

What are examples of paramagnetic matter?

Iron, cobalt, and nickel

What does permeability mean?

The ability to be magnetized or demagnetized

What is the magnetic law?

Like magnetic poles repel, unlike magnetic poles attract

What are magnetic lines of induction?

Imaginary magnetic field lines

The density of the magnetic field lines are proportional to the intensity of what?

The magnetic field

What does placing a ferromagnetic object near an intense magnetic field do?

It will alter the lines of induction due to the attraction - making the object temporarily magnetic

Removing the object from the magnetic field can cause it to lose it's what?

Magnetic property

Magnetic force is inversely proportional to what?

The square of the distance between the objects under consideration

How many gauss are in a tesla?

10,000

What is the SI unit for measuring magnetic field strength?

Tesla (T)