PSYCH CHAPTER 5- SENSATION AND PERCEPTION

Sensation is:
A. Picking up sensory stimuli and transmitting them to the brain
B. Organizing and interpreting sensory information
C. Remembering sensory information
D. Creating illusions

A

Perception is:
A. Detecting a stimulus
B. Converting sensory signals to action potentials
C. Organizing and interpreting sensory information
D. Only processing vision

C

Sensory receptors:
A. Produce hormones
B. Store memories
C. Provide links between the physical world and the brain
D. Filter out all sensory input

C

Transduction is:
A. Converting a sensory stimulus into neural impulses
B. Detecting light waves
C. Sending impulses to muscles
D. Ignoring background stimuli

A

Which sensory system does not relay signals through the thalamus first?
A. Vision
B. Touch
C. Hearing
D. Smell

D

Light waves are transduced by:
A. Hair cells in the inner ear
B. Olfactory neurons
C. Photoreceptors in the retina
D. Taste buds

C

Auditory information is transmitted via:
A. Cochlear/Auditory nerve
B. Optic nerve
C. Olfactory nerve
D. Trigeminal nerve

A

Smell information is first registered in:
A. Thalamus
B. Olfactory bulbs
C. Visual cortex
D. Cerebellum

B

The primary visual cortex is located in the:
A. Occipital lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Frontal lobe

A

he primary auditory cortex is located in the:
A. Parietal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Frontal lobe

B

The absolute threshold is:
A. The minimum stimulation detected 50% of the time
B. The smallest change in a stimulus we can detect
C. The maximum stimulus detectable
D. The point at which sensory adaptation occurs

A

Difference threshold (JND) is:
A. Maximum stimulus intensity
B. Smallest change in a stimulus detectable 50% of the time
C. Ability to perceive motion
D. Time for transduction

B

Weber’s Law states:
A. Absolute threshold is always constant
B. Larger stimuli require proportionally larger changes to notice a difference
C. All stimuli are perceived equally
D. Light stimuli are ignored in bright conditions

B

Bottom-up processing relies on:
A. Sensory input from the environment
B. Prior knowledge and expectations
C. Gestalt principles
D. Imagination

A

Top-down processing relies on:
A. Sensory input
B. Environmental energy
C. Prior knowledge, expectations, and experience
D. Absolute thresholds

C

Gestalt psychology emphasizes that:
A. Only individual parts matter
B. Sensory adaptation is immediate
C. Vision is separate from perception
D. The whole is more than the sum of its parts

D

Figure-ground perception is:
A. Distinguishing an object from its background
B. Recognizing 3D shapes
C. Detecting faint stimuli
D. A type of absolute threshold

A

Which is not a Gestalt principle of perceptual grouping?
A. Trichromatic processing
B. Similarity
C. Closure
D. Proximity

A

Closure means:
A. Filling in missing information to perceive a whole
B. Grouping items by color
C. Detecting thresholds
D. Focusing only on the background

A

Continuity in perception refers to:
A. Perceiving objects as smoothly connected rather than disconnected
B. The absolute threshold
C. Smell and taste integration
D. Depth perception

A

Wavelength of light determines:
A. Brightness
B. Color perception
C. Sound pitch
D. Taste intensity

B

Amplitude of light waves determines:
A. Hue
B. Color saturation
C. Brightness
D. Wavelength

C

Visible light for humans ranges from:
A. 400–700 nm
B. 200–400 nm
C. 700–1000 nm
D. 100–300 nm

A

The cornea:
A. Focuses light onto the retina
B. Adjusts pupil size
C. Transduces sound waves
D. Stores visual memories

A

The pupil:
A. Detects color
B. Allows light to enter the eye
C. Adjusts lens curvature
D. Contains photoreceptors

B

The iris:
A. Protects the retina
B. Dilates and contracts to control light entering the pupil
C. Focuses light on the fovea
D. Absorbs excess light

B

The lens functions to:
A. Focus images on the retina
B. Convert light into neural impulses
C. Transmit visual signals to the brain
D. Protect the eye from UV rays

A

Accommodation is:
A. Adjusting the lens to focus on objects at different distances
B. Focusing on color
C. Converting sound into action potentials
D. Adjusting the pupil size

A

The retina contains:
A. Sensory receptors for vision (rods and cones)
B. The cornea and lens
C. The iris and pupil
D. The optic nerve only

A

Rods are responsible for:
A. Color vision
B. Seeing in dim light and black-and-white vision
C. Fine detail
D. Processing red wavelengths only

B

Cones are responsible for:
A. Black-and-white vision
B. Color vision and fine detail
C. Night vision only
D. Detecting movement only

B

The fovea is:
A. Where rods dominate
B. The location of the optic nerve exit
C. The clearest point of vision with high cone density
D. The dim-light receptor area

C

The optic chiasm:
A. Connects the two eyes’ optic nerves and sends right visual field info to left hemisphere and vice versa
B. Focuses images on the retina
C. Controls eye movement
D. Transduces sound waves

A

The trichromatic theory states:
A. Color perception is based on rods
B. Three types of cones sensitive to red, green, and blue
C. Opponent neurons fire in opposing fashion
D. Black-and-white perception only

B

The opponent-process theory explains color perception by:
A. Rods detecting low-light stimuli
B. Cones firing in opposing pairs: red/green, blue/yellow, black/white
C. Light intensity encoding brightness
D. Trichromatic mixing of all colors

B

Negative afterimages occur because:
A. Rods are overstimulated
B. Opponent neurons fire in the opposite direction after prolonged exposure
C. The fovea stops detecting color
D. Cones adapt to brightness levels

B

Depth perception is:
A. The ability to detect colors
B. The ability to see in three dimensions and estimate distance ✅
C. A function of rods only
D. The perception of brightness

B

Convergence as a binocular depth cue refers to:
A. Each eye seeing a slightly different image
B. Eyes turning inward as we focus on nearby objects
C. Objects blocking other objects
D. Familiar size of objects

B

Binocular disparity is:
A. The ability to perceive depth with one eye
B. Each eye seeing slightly different images
C. Relative size of objects
D. Atmospheric perspective

B

Monocular depth cues include:
A. Convergence and binocular disparity
B. Occlusion, relative height, relative size, atmospheric perspective
C. Rod and cone activation
D. Opponent-process firing

B

Sound is created by:
A. Light waves
B. Vibrating objects
C. Smell molecules
D. Rods and cones

B

Pitch is determined by:
A. Amplitude
B. Wavelength/frequency of sound
C. Loudness
D. Cochlear fluid density

B

Humans can hear sounds ranging from:
A. 20–20,000 Hz
B. 100–10,000 Hz
C. 0–5,000 Hz
D. 50–50,000 Hz

A

Amplitude determines:
A. Pitch
B. Frequency
C. Loudness
D. Timbre

C

The three bones in the middle ear are:
A. Hammer, anvil, stirrup
B. Malleus, cochlea, semicircular canals
C. Stapes, cochlea, incus
D. Pinna, malleus, incus

A

Place theory of hearing states:
A. Each pitch is determined by the spot along the basilar membrane that vibrates the most
B. All frequencies are detected by the entire cochlea equally
C. Hair cells vibrate at the frequency of the sound
D. Pitch is determined by eardrum size

A

Frequency theory of hearing best explains:
A. High-frequency sounds
B. Low- to medium-frequency sounds
C. Sound localization
D. Timbre

B

Olfaction is:
A. Sense of taste
B. Sense of smell
C. Sense of touch
D. Balance perception

B

Odor molecules must:
A. Be solid
B. Vaporize to be detected
C. Be dissolved in water
D. Pass through the cochlea

B

Olfactory receptor cells:
A. Respond to all odors equally
B. Contain receptors for one type of odor
C. Transmit taste information
D. Are located in the mouth

B

Taste buds detect:
A. Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami
B. Only sweet and sour
C. Only salty and bitter
D. Hot and cold

A

Flavour is:
A. Taste alone
B. Smell alone
C. Combined experience of taste, smell, and touch
D. Temperature of food only

C

The skin detects:
A. Heat, cold, pressure, pain, touch
B. Only temperaturE
C. Only pressure
D. Only vibration

A

Two-point threshold refers to:
A. Smallest distance at which two points on the skin are felt as separate
B. Maximum pressure skin can detect
C. Pain tolerance
D. Hair receptor sensitivity

A

Gate-control theory of pain states:
A. Pain is always transmitted directly to the brain
B. Spinal cord contains a “gate” that can inhibit some pain signals
C. Endorphins increase pain perception
D. Pain cannot be blocked

B

Endorphins:
A. Are produced by the inner ear
B. Block pain and produce feelings of well-being
C. Enhance pain
D. Are only released during sleep

B

Kinesthetic sense provides information about:
A. Where body parts are in relation to each other
B. Equilibrium and balance
C. Pressure on skin
D. Taste perception

A

Vestibular sense provides information about:
A. Body temperature
B. Equilibrium and spatial orientation
C. Pressure and vibration
D. Rod and cone activation

B

Vestibular receptors are located in:
A. Cochlea
B. Semicircular canals of the inner ear
C. Optic nerve
D. Skin

B

Kinesthetic receptors are found in:
A. Rods and cones
B. Joints, ligaments, and muscles
C. Cochlea
D. Olfactory epithelium

B