fatty acids

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Flashcards on Fatty Acids and Lipid Metabolism

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19 Terms

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Fatty Acids

Fuel molecules, building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids, role in covalent modifications, derivatives serve as hormones and intracellular messengers

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Triacylglycerols

Uncharged esters of fatty acids with glycerol, stored in adipose tissue and muscle

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Dietary Lipids

Digested by pancreatic lipases

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Bile Acids

Amphipathic molecules that facilitate lipid digestion by lipases, made from cholesterol secreted by the gallbladder

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Chylomicrons

Lipoprotein transport particles made of new triacylglycerols with proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol on the surface

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FATPs

Transport free fatty acids into the membrane

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FABPs

Bind fatty acids to smooth ER for resynthesis of triacylglycerol

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Mobilization (Stage 1 of fatty acid processing)

Conversion of triacylglycerol to fatty acids in adipose tissue

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Lipases

Intestinal enzymes that degrade triacylglycerols to free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols, secreted by the pancreas

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Colipases

Proteins that bind lipases to particles for degradation in the pancreas

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Fatty Acid Oxidation (Beta Oxidation)

Generates acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2 during fatty acid metabolism

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Ketone Bodies

Fuel source from fats, formed in the liver and used for peripheral tissues, water soluble and transportable

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Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)

Enzyme in liver and adipose tissue for synthesizing fatty acids, active during embryonic development and lactation

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Citrate Shuttle

Transports acetyl groups from mitochondria to cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis

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Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC)

Enzyme catalyzing the committed step of fatty acid synthesis – the production of malonyl CoA

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Malonyl CoA

Inhibits carnitine acyltransferase 1, preventing entry of fatty acyl CoAs into the matrix

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Glucagon and Epinephrine

Inhibit both ACCs by increasing AMPK activity (inhibits fatty acid synthesis)

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Insulin

Activates ACCs by enhancing dephosphorylation and inactivating AMPK, promoting fatty acid synthesis

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AMPK

Activated by AMP and inhibited by ATP