AMA: Physical Properties

Density

It measures how much mass is contained within a given volume.

Temperature: When a fluid is heated, its volume increases while its mass remains constant, leading to a decrease in density

Pressure: When a fluid is compressed, its volume decreases while its mass remains constant, leading to an increase in density

Additionally, when water freezes, it expands, becoming less dense, which is why ice floats

Why does the density of a fluid change when its temperature or pressure changes?

Opaque

What is the term for a material that does not allow light to pass through it?.

Refraction

Which optical property measures how much light is bent or slowed down when passing through a material?

Electro Optic Effect

What is the phenomenon where an applied electric field causes

the displacement of electrons, affecting the optical properties of a material?

Diamagnetic Materials

These materials are weakly repelled by a magnetic field. They become weakly magnetized in the opposite direction of the field.

Paramagnetic Materials

These are weakly attracted to a magnetic field and are magnetized in the same direction as the field.

Ferromagnetic Materials

These materials are strongly attracted to a magnetic field and magnetized in the same direction as the field.

Plasticity

The ability of material to undergo some degree of permanent deformation without failure after removal of load .

Brittleness

property by virtue of which, a material will fail under loading without significant change in dimension .

Malleability

A property by virtue of which a metal can flatten into thin sheets, known as ______. It is also define as a property which permits plastic deformation under compression loading.

Toughness

The amount of energy absorb under elastic limit during loading.

Machineability

A property by virtue of which a material can be cut easily.

Solubility

The ability of a material to dissolve in a particular solvent, such as water or acid.

Oxidation Resistance

The ability of a material to resist chemical reactions with its environment, such as oxidation, rusting, or degradation.

Hygroscopicity

The ability of a material to absorb and retain moisture from the surrounding environment.

Toxicity

The degree to which a material can cause harm to humans or the environment.

Acidity and Basicity

The ability of a material to either donate or accept protons in a chemical reaction.

Thermal Conductivity

Describes how easily a material transfers heat.

Melting Point and Boiling Point

The temperatures at which a material transitions from solid to liquid, and from liquid to gas, respectively.

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of energy needed to raise a material’s temperature by 1°C.

Thermal Insulation

The ability to resist heat transfer, useful in applications like

building insulation and refrigeration.

Conductivity

The ability of a material to allow the flow of electric current. It is important for materials used in electrical wiring, such as copper, to ensure efficient current flow.

Resistivity

The measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current. High-resistivity materials, like Teflon, are used for insulation to prevent current leakage.

Dielectric Strength

The ability of a material to withstand high voltage without breaking down.

Permittivity

The ability of a material to store electrical energy in an electric field.

Magnetic Permeability

The ability of a material to respond to a magnetic field.