The Cell Cycle

mitosis

the process by which cells reproduce, division of nucleus, results in two genetically identical offspring cells

cell cycle

includes mitosis and cytokinesis

interphase

normal time, includes growth, dna replication, and preparation for division

Growth periods between division

G1: when cell grows to full size

S: when cell replicates DNA

G2: when cells duplicates organelles

G0: when cell dies

cell cycle order

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

mitosis stages

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

M Phase

nuclear division, when chromosomes are divided between two cells

Cytokinesis

the cytoplasm is divided to finish the process and results in two cells

length of mitosis

less than an hour

prophase

prepare phase; nucleus vanishes, spindle sets up, chromosomes form

metaphase

middle phase; chromosomes move to the middle of the cell

anaphase

away phase, chromosomes split and move away from each other to opposite side of the cell

telophase

end phase, nucleus reappears around split up chromosomes, spindles dismantle, chromosomes unwind

cytokinesis in plants

plants rebuild the cell wall and partially finished cell wall is called a cell plate

cancer

when cells grow uncontrollably and do not kill themselves, no apoptosis takes place

apoptosis

cell suicide

how does apoptosis help fight against cancer?

cells do not mutate and die instead, prevents overgrowth as well