primary sources-exam 1

reconstruction fatigue

panic of 1873, scotus rulings, financial weariness, north white supremacy

william graham sumner

yale professor who supported laissez fair economy and agreed with social darwinism. says thgat those who are rich were meant to/ deserve to succeed. if the government reid to help those poor losers, then they halt progress and civilisation would go bad

edward bellamy

wrote book called looking backward. offered utopian socialist solutions to the problems facing the rapidly industrialising us. capitalism and power inequality have led to corporate tyranny. small entrepreneurs and anyone else cannot survuve unless you are connected. there is no check on the power which is concentrated in the hands of a few people.

andrew carnegie

gospel of wealth-1889

charity is bad. only thr worthy are deseriving of money, rest just want to get rich by doing nothign and are unworthy. aware of people hating the rich and saya when the rich dies, he wont be remembered fondly. must give back but not through philanthrophy, through creating facilities from which everyone benefits.

henry lloyd

critique of wealth 1894

journalist, abolition of child labour and wanted women voting rights

these men who are power hugny and have amassed that thropugh their corporations are ruinign society. says this kind of business, especially with monopolies is similar to slavery. say that people think wealth is good, so they assume wealthy are also good but that is not true.

noble order of knights of labour

all workers were welcome because all their interests may be different but still not as different as workers and employers. wanted 8 hour workday, no child labour, women equal pay.

haymarket square

foreign boarn, mostly germans protesting there against police violence.

american federation of labour

omnly skilled and mostly white male workers. better wages and hours

homestead strike

carnegie cut costs and installed machines, resulting in lay offs of unskilled particularly

knew it would result in strike and went to scotland.

pullman strike

railway 20% cut so strike. got in emergency troops etc to run railways

american railway union

head was eugene debs

industrial workers of the world

more radical organisation, had both skilled and unskilled, did strikes and mob style work instead of collective bargaining etc

patronms of hubsandry/grangers

for farmers. tried politics, didnt work out and went back to social and cutlutral practices. after this, the other alliance that formed was farmers alliance

populism

graduated income tax-higher tax for richer peopke

8 hour workday

immigrant restriction\

women suffrage

george pullamn

testimony before congress

talks about how has establishe cities with everything that people need and is not harmful for them to succeed has been provided. has cut wages but hasnt cut down the rent etc that they pay, even though is making profit, just slighlty lesser profit than earlier

aru head eugene debs

if stockholders of the company are actigng as one, then why cant the people. thought thsat if workers were organised and wnated the same thing then organisers would give it to them. understood socialism in prison throyugh pamphlets etc

jennie curtis- testimony befor congress about pullman strike

head of the girls union under aru. seasmstress talks about how women werent paid equally, if there was a strike, there wages were also cut. have to pay rent/board but that is more expensive than the salary that they are gettibng so will be in debt

govt on chicago strike

says happened because neither govt nor people has taken adequate measures to comntrol monopolies. corporations dont protect their workers and address their mistakes

israel zangwill

melting pot- play

everyone asismilates into being american

fusion of all races (european)

favorable view for assimilation

alfred schultz

mongrelization of america 1908

the mixing of races produced a mongrelcivilization and inevitably led to the decay of a nation. says northern races are superior to southern ones. makjes it sound scientific, says that education cannot make a “mongrel’ or someone from an inferior race or a mix of races american, since they are biologicallky worthless and unequal

randolphe bourne

trnasnational america-1916

immigrants retained the best of their cultural identities within the larger democratic American society.

remained more English than the English, petrified and unchanging, while in England law developed to meet the needs of the changing times. It is just this English-American conservatism that has been our chief obstacle to social advance

richard cain

free black hor south carolina

ask for 1 mil loan from govt to give land to bl;acks

if land, then freedom, make them feel responsible like a man of the nation

willis bocock

sharecropping agreements

were partial to white and benefitted them alot more

took advantage of the fact that the blacks were illitierate

also that they have to pay landowners first and then get their own money

leads to debt peonage

ellen porton

kkk violence on black women

thomas nast

colored rule in reconstructed state

painter who used to be sympathetic, then got the northern viewpoint and thought reconst was just corruption and giving out money to the worthless. if white people behave like this (empathise with black), then they should be given back seats/not seats

james cavanaugh-1868

minnesota democrat to hor

prefer dead indian , only good one is dead

not civilised

do scalping and chase after you in a war torn craze

pro eradication

helen hunt-1881

book- challenges to indian policy, 1981

assimilate, teaching them how to be american through white christian schools

thomast nast

native sympathiser

made painting patience until the idnian is cuvilised-so to speak

1878

gertrude bonnin/zitkala sa

life at an indian boarding school, 1921

boarding school-wear english, cut hair, ordered

chief joseph of nez perce

1879

good words, broken promises

treat equally

trying to convince them to return tribal land to tribals

wants same laws for everyone