Cell organelles

Nucleus

Contains the cell’s DNA and controls cell activities by regulating gene expression.

Nucleolus

Produces rRNA and assembles the subunits that make up ribosomes.

Ribosomes

Carry out protein synthesis by translating mRNA into proteins.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Produces, folds, and begins modifying proteins, especially proteins that will be secreted from the cell or placed in membranes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Produces lipids, helps detoxify harmful substances, and stores/releases calcium ions.

Microtubules

Part of the cytoskeleton; help maintain cell shape, transport materials within the cell, and form the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Nuclear Pore (Nucleopore)

Controls the movement of molecules, such as RNA and proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like material that surrounds the organelles and is the site of many cellular chemical reactions.

Mitochondrion

Produces ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.

Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste, damaged organelles, and other materials so they can be recycled or removed.

Golgi Body / Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell or outside the cell.

Centrioles

Help organize microtubules and assist in forming the spindle that separates chromosomes during cell division.