321: Topic 3 - Energy Transformations

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another but cannot be crwated or destroyed

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

In all energy conversions, the potential energy in the final state will be less than the potential energy of the inital state (if no energy leaves/enters)

What is entropy?

A measure of disorder or randomness

What is an exergonic process?

A process in which the potential energy of the final state willl be less than the initial state due to energy release

What type of process can occur spontaneously?

Exergonic processes

What is an endergonic process?

A process in which the potential energy of the final state is greater than that of the initial state and requires energy to take place

What is an endergonic process that requires heat called?

Endothermic

In plant cells, how is energy in the form of ATP released?

It is released through exergonic reactions after hydrolysis

What is ATP?

A cell's main energy source that is used for endergonic reactions

What is phsophorylation?

Adding a phosphate group (PO₄) to a molecule in order to make it an active participant in endergonic reactions

What is the chemical equation for converting ATP to ADP and vice versa?

ATP + H20

What is the chemical equation for converting ADP and AMP and vice versa?

ADP + H20

Order AMP, ATP, and ADP from highest to lowest energy

ATP, ADP, AMP (due to decreasing phophate ions in thier structure; 3, 2, 1 respectively)

What is oxidation?

The loss of electrons

What is reduction?

The addition of electrons