Ecology niches

Habitat

place where communities/speices/population/organism live

• shelter, food, water, oxygen, often light too for photosystentsis

Ecological niche

role of a spices in an environment

• its interactions with other spices, what it eats and how….

Spatial habitat

physical area inhibiting by an organism

Tolerance

how well a species reacts to the presence of something in the environment

Obligate anaerobes

single-celled organisms that have no tolerance to the pretense of oxygen and are poisoned by it

Facultative anaerobes

single-celled organisms capable of carrying out both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Obligate aerobes

single cell organism that require oxygen and cant convert food nutrients into energy without it

Holozoic nutrients

getting nutrients by ingesting all parts of an organism. the eaten parts are ingested are broken down into nutrients, then absorbed into bloodstream and used within the body

Mixotrophic nutrient

organism that are both authrotpic and hetetrophic and are capable of making their own food AND ingesting nutrients from other organism

Folivores

primates that ear mostly plants(leaves)

Frugiviores

primates that ear mostly fruits

Microwear

small abrasions and removal of the thoot surface

can revel what food they’re eating

• soft food leave different arks from harder food

• grit(soil in food) can scratch teeth

Stylets

projectors that pierce plant and drink sugar dissolved solution in sap

Mandibles

Sharp pinching or bites that cut their food to help ingestion

Ruminants

Swallow plant based food before chewing then regurigiate/vomit back when resting to contunie chewing(chewing the cud)

Phytoxins

plant poison made of secondary metabolites

• nausea, cardiac problems, hallocinations

Ambush predators

hide n wait for prey

Illucium

long thin appendage protruding from head to attract prey, then open mouth to engulf once captured

Pack hunting

Cooperation or teamwork to increase success rate of catching prey

Pursuit predators

speed to outrun prey

Persistant hunting

stalks prey and wait till they physically wear down

Aposematism

defense strategy to warm predators

• bight or usual colors

Canopy

upper layer of a forest where crowns,top, of trees are seen

Understory

zone below canopy where smaller trees are found

Shrub layer

zone that has shorter trees and shrubs

Forest floor

layer for smaller non-woody plants

• grass , wildflowers, ferns

lianas

vines that take root on trees as scaffold that brings them into the canopy later to get more light

• seeds grow in shade to grow on tree trunks and then grow/climb up

Epiphytes

Similar to lianas, use trees to get to understory/canopy

• roots are attached to tree trunks, gets water from rain fall or humudity

Hemi-epiphytes

plants that grow in a tree without any roots in soil(only in early stages) THEN they push stem upwards for sunlight THEN push stem down to reach ground and grow roots

Herbaceous plant

herbs that grow on the understory and adapt to grow in shade

Fundamental niche

potential niche that inhabit an organism given adaptation and tolerance

refers to the entire range of environmental conditions where species survive/reproduce without litaitons

Realized niche

new and narrow niche caused. by changes in an environment done by human activities

Principle of comptetion

No two species in a community ca occult the same niche

• if occurred both populations decrease

• one species would replace the other