History Chapter 10

US Civil War

Confederate States of America

A coalition of Southern states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War.

Opposing Ideas of Southern vs Northern States

The Southern states fought for states' rights and the protection and perpetuation of slavery, while the Northern states fought to preserve the Union.

North's Advantages

The North had a larger population (2 to 1), industrial power, railroads, and a strong central government.

Southern Advantages

The South had home field advantage and better military leaders.

Fort Sumter

The site in South Carolina where the first shots of the Civil War were fired in April 1861.

Abraham Lincoln

The President of the United States during the Civil War.

Jefferson Davis

The President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Confederate Officer, destroyed union (north) in hopes for a quick war

Robert E Lee

(McClellan’s opposite)

offered command of union forces but declined.

Commander of main confederate force

Bold/aggressive

becomes a legend due to success in war

Emancipation Proclamation 1862

Act passed by Lincoln that only freed slaves in rebel areas

Feared by whites in north and south

Battle of Gettysburg

(July 1863) most casualties of any battle in war

Union victory turns war in favor of north

After Lincoln gives Gettysburg address

Ulysses S Grant

Put in charge of union army (1864)

Lincoln’s General to end the war

Aggressive/relentless in attacking Robert E Lees army

William T Sherman

(Union General) marches through south destroying resources

Cutting off supplies to Lee

Major effects of American civil war

Slavery abolished & union of states preserved

Strengthens federal government

Republicans increase power

Advances in technology & industry

Secede

To break away or separate

Casualty

A person killed or injured in a war or accident

Turning Point

The moment where a significant change takes place

Border States

Slave States located between the North and South who did not secede

13th Amendment

Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the US

Homefront

The work and activities of the civilians living in the homeland of a nation at war

Total War

Conflict in which participating countries devote all of their resources to the war effort

States Rights

The rights and powers granted to the states in a country

Blockade

The act of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people form entering or leaving

Siege

To surround a place in order to force it to surrender

Long Term Causes

The factors that boil under the surface and create tension over a long period of time and lead to a war.

Short Term Causes

The immediate factors that directly lead or contribute to an event or war. #TRIGGER #SPARK

Union

The government and armies of the
Northern States during the United States Civil War

Yankees

The nickname for the people from the North (Union Soldiers)

Rebels

The nickname for Confederate Soldiers

Anaconda Plan

The Union’s battle plan designed to defeat the Confederacy by cutting off supplies and resources like a snake

Cotton Diplomacy

The Confederate strategy during the Civil War to withhold cotton from Europe to draw them into the war.

Conscription

a law that requires people to join the military, usually when there aren't enough volunteers to fight in a war

Theater of War

 a stage or area where most of the fighting and important military events are happening during a war

Habeas Corpus

Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment

Gettysburg Adress

 Short speech by Abraham Lincoln given to remind people why they were fighting  + to honor fallen soldiers

54th Massachusetts Regiment

 All African-American regiment in the Union Army during the Civil War

Andersonville Prison

The most famous and largest military prison during the Civil War - located in Georgia.

Appomattox Courthouse

 Location where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant - officially ending the Civil War.