nazi germany

What caused the Depression in Germany in 1929?

The Wall Street Crash led to the recall of US loans, causing German industry to collapse and unemployment to reach 1 in 2 workers by 1932.

How did the Weimar Government's structure contribute to its weakness?

Proportional representation resulted in unstable coalitions and slow decision-making, which pushed Germans towards desiring a strong leader like Hitler.

What methods did the Nazis use to ensure election success?

Effective propaganda, SA intimidation, and promises to fix unemployment, end communism, and overturn the Treaty of Versailles.

What was the outcome of the 1932 elections for the Nazi Party?

The Nazis became the largest party with 37% (July) and 33% (Nov) of the vote, giving Hitler leverage to demand the chancellorship.

How did the German democracy fail between 1932 and 1933?

Brüning, Papen, and Schleicher failed to handle the crisis; repeated elections created instability and a loss of faith in democracy.

When and how did Hitler become Chancellor?

Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January 1933 by Hindenburg, who was persuaded by von Papen, believing they could control Hitler as a "puppet."

What was the significance of the Reichstag Fire in February 1933?

Hitler blamed a communist, convincing Hindenburg to pass emergency powers to crush communists.

What was the Enabling Act of March 1933?

An act that allowed Hitler to make laws without Reichstag approval for four years, effectively ending democracy.

How did the Nazis establish a police state?

The SS and Gestapo created widespread fear, and the Dachau concentration camp opened in April 1933 for political opponents.

How did the Nazis consolidate their power regarding political parties and trade unions?

Using the Enabling Act, Nazis banned all parties and trade unions; the 1933 Law Against the Formation of New Parties made the Nazi Party the only legal party.

What was the "Night of the Long Knives" in June 1934?

Hitler eliminated Röhm and up to 400 SA leaders to remove internal threats and gain the support of the army.

How did Hitler consolidate his power to become Führer?

After Hindenburg's death, Hitler merged the roles of president and chancellor, officially becoming Führer in August 1934.