Early Years of the American Revolution (1775-1783)

Who was the leader of the group, The Green Mountain Boys in Vermont?

Ethan Allen

Patriots from Connecticut ask Ethan Allen and The Green Mountain Boys to capture the British fort: ________ ____________.

Fort Ticonderoga

Fort Ticonderoga guarded ______ _________: the route to Canada.

Lake Champlain

On May 10, 1775, __________ _________ & Ethan Allen led the raid to capture Fort Ticonderoga

Benedict Arnold

After the British surrendered Fort Ticonderoga, the Patriots gained large quantities of rum, gunpowder and ____________.

cannons

The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and the delegates sent King George III the ___________ ____________ Petition.

Olive Branch

With the Olive Branch Petition, the delegates declared their ___________ to Britain and asked King George III to repeal the Intolerable Acts.

loyalty

The Olive Branch Petition was a last ditch effort to make _______ with Great Britain.

peace

King George III refused to __________ the Intolerable Acts (asked by the delegates in the Olive Branch Petition).

repeal

At the Second Continental Congress, the delegates set up the __________ ___________.

Continental Army

Whom did the delegates at the Second Continental Congress name as the commander of the Continental Army?

George Washington

Which group of American colonists supported complete independence from Britain?

(also known as "Rebels)

Patriots

Which group of American colonists opposed (were against) independence from Britain?

(also known as "Royalists)

Loyalists

Which group of American colonists did not agree with either side (independence or no independence from Britain)? They simply believed in a peaceful resolution without having to choose a side.

(also known as "Undecideds" or "Fence-sitters")

Neutrals

The 1st major battle of the Revolutionary War was the Battle of _________ _________ (a.k.a. Breed's Hill).

Bunker Hill

The Battle of Bunker Hill actually occurred on ___________ ________ on June 17, 1775.

Breed's Hill

Overnight, American militiamen dug fortifications (barricades) on Breed's Hill, across from ___________. This shocked the British when they woke up. As a result, British warships open-fired on the Americans.

Boston

During the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Patriots were short on ________.

gunpowder

Prescott warned his men, "Don't fire until you see the _______ of their eyes"?

(Battle of Bunker Hill)

whites

After the third attempt (Battle of Bunker Hill), the Americans were finally overrun and had no choice but to _________ to the mainland since they ran out of gunpowder.

retreat

Who took Breed's Hill and "won" the battle?

the British

The Battle of Bunker Hill showed Britain that the war would not be an easy __________.

victory

Even though the British "won" the Battle of Bunker Hill, more British soldiers (1,000) were ___________ or wounded that day, compared to 441 American casualties.

killed

Continental Army

Disadvantage:

-no __________

navy

Continental Army

Disadvantage:

-The soldiers were _________

untrained

Continental Army

Disadvantage:

-few _____________ and little gunpowder

cannons

Continental Army

Advantage:

-The soldiers were fighting for their homes and ______________ (home-field advantage!.

freedom

Continental Army

Advantage:

-Under the _____________ of George Washington.

leadership

Continental Army

Advantage:

-They had the eventual allies of the ____________, Spanish, the Dutch, and some free blacks and slaves

French

British Army

Advantage:

-They had highly trained & experienced _____________.

soldiers

British Army

Advantage:

-They had a plentiful (great) amount of weapons and ________.

supplies

British Army

Advantage:

-They had the most ____________ navy in the world.

powerful

British Army

Advantage:

-They had support from the ___________ and some slaves.

Indians

British Army

Advantage:

-Troops from Germany known as Hessians, were paid to help fight the colonists… a.k.a. ________________

mercenaries

British Army

Disadvantage:

-The war was fought __________ from home.

far

British Army

Disadvantage:

-The __________ soldiers had less reasons to fight hard since they weren’t defending their own land and freedoms.

British

British Army

Disadvantage:

-The British risked constant attack in the _______________ from the colonists because they didn’t know the land (guerilla warfare tactics: hit and run ambushes).

countryside

The Siege of Boston:

After the Battle of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, local militias cut off the city of Boston and isolated the British from the surrounding towns, holding it under __________ for the next 11 months.

siege

Who suggested to General Washington that the cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga could be used to drive the British from (away from) Boston (and took on the risky mission)?

Henry Knox

Over the winter of 1775-1776, Colonel Henry Knox, with the help of oxen and sleds, transported 60 tons of artillery from Fort Ticonderoga to the Continental Army to ______________ Heights and the surrounding Boston area.

Dorchester

On March 17, 1776, General Howe gave up the city of Boston and left with his troops to ___________ to re-strategize.

Canada

Early in 1776, Thomas Paine published the pamphlet, "_______________ _______________"

Common Sense

"Common Sense" persuaded thousands of colonists to ___________ independence.

According to Paine, independence was the key to a brighter future.

support

Who proposed in June 1776 to the Continental Congress that a Declaration of Independence needed to be written? He was from Virginia.

Richard Henry Lee

On July 4, 1776, the delegates accepted which famous document?

It was written by Thomas Jefferson (with the help of Ben Franklin and John Adams).

The Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence has _________ main parts.

four

In the _____________ (Introduction) of the Declaration of Independence, the delegates explain why the Continental Congress drew up (wrote) the Declaration.

Preamble

In the second part of the Declaration of Independence, all people have _________ _________.

natural rights

In the third part of the Declaration of Independence, the delegates list the _____________ (complaints) against Great Britain/King George III and how the colonists were treated badly.

grievances

In the fourth part of the Declaration of Independence, the colonies announce their new status as an _____________ country known as the United States of America.

independent

“We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately.”

Ben Franklin

British General Thomas Gage marched to Concord, MA to seize a large supply of __________ stored by the minutemen.

arms

Messengers including ___________, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott rode to Lexington and Concord to warn Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and other colonists that the British were on the way.

Paul Revere

Revere alerted the countryside the soldiers were on the march by shouting, “_________________.”

“The regulars are out!”

On the way to Concord, a brief battle ensued in __________ and eight (8) colonists were killed.

Lexington

The British were hoping to arrest 2 leaders of the Boston Sons of Liberty ___________ __________ & _________ ____________.

Sam Adams & John Hancock

In ___________, British General Gage found no weapons. However, waiting minutemen killed 73 British soldiers and wounded 200 on the way back to Boston.

Concord

The famous phrase, " The Shot Heard 'Round the World!" indicates the start of the American Revolution with the battles of Lexington and Concord [April 19, 1775].

world

The Battles of Lexington and Concord took a toll on both sides for the British and the American colonists. However, the _______ had more killed and wounded.

British

Even though the colonists lost many minutemen at the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the battles were considered a military __________ for the colonists.

victory

The Battles of Lexington and Concord proved to the British and King George III that unjust behavior __________ be tolerated in America.

would not