CHAPTER 11: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

The term emergent design refers to a design that emerges at which point in a qualitative

study?

A) During the conduct of a literature review

B) While the researcher develops a conceptual framework

C) Before the study has begun

D) While the researcher is in the field collecting data

D

Which statement is true?

A) Qualitative design is capable of adjusting to what is being learned during data

collection.

B) The quality of qualitative studies depends on the appropriateness of the statistical

analysis.

C) Qualitative research does not require approval by an Institutional Review Board or

ethical review committee.

D) Qualitative research requires careful control of confounding variables.

A

Which is not a characteristic of qualitative research design?

A) It often involves triangulation of data sources.

B) It tends to be holistic.

C) It is flexible and can be revised during the course of data collection.

D) It involves minimum oversight once the study is underway.

D

Which is not an issue that qualitative researchers attend to in planning a study?

A) Selecting a study site

B) Identifying equipment that will be needed for field work

C) Selecting scales to measure key concepts

D) Choosing a research tradition to guide the study

C

Which design question is relevant in both quantitative and qualitative studies?

A) How will confounding variables be controlled?

B) How often will data be collected?

C) Will the independent variable be manipulated?

D) Who will be blinded?

B

Which statement about qualitative design is true?

A) Qualitative design benefits from having researchers who are intensely involved and

reflexive.

B) Qualitative researchers strive to achieve constancy of conditions in terms of

research settings.

C) The goal of many qualitative designs is to permit causal inferences.

D) Most qualitative designs involve an explicit, preplanned comparison.

A

Which qualitative tradition would most likely be the foundation for the following

question? "What are the conceptions of care among caregivers of persons living with

HIV/AIDS in rural Ethiopia?"

A) Grounded theory

B) Ethnography

C) Phenomenology

D) Qualitative description

B

Ethnographers strive to:

A) understand human cultures.

B) develop an etic perspective.

C) link the etic and emic perspectives into a unified whole.

D) understand the essence of a phenomenon.

A

An ethnographic study of the culture of a family planning clinic by someone from

outside that culture is an example of:

A) an autoethnography.

B) a critical ethnography.

C) a focused ethnography.

D) a macroethnography.

C

What do ethnographers strive to acquire?

A) An emic perspective of a culture

B) An etic perspective of a culture

C) A focused perspective

D) An ethnonursing perspective

A

Which technique do ethnographers use in studying a culture?

A) Constant comparison

B) Participant observation

C) Hermeneutics

D) Bracketing

B

A nurse researcher is studying the culture of the emergency department where she

works. What type of study is being undertaken?

A) An ethnonursing study

B) A critical ethnography

C) A macroethnography

D) An autoethnography

D

Within which qualitative tradition would the following question be addressed? "What is

the essence of men's experiences of chemotherapy treatment for prostate cancer?"

A) Grounded theory

B) Ethnography

C) Phenomenology

D) Qualitative description

C

In phenomenological studies, researchers strive to ensure that their own preconceived

beliefs and opinions do not influence the emerging data, using which strategy?

A) Constant comparison

B) Participant observation

C) Hermeneutics

D) Bracketing

D

Which method facilitates bracketing?

A) Maintaining a reflexive journal

B) Intuiting to remain open to meaning

C) Maintaining a phenomenological text

D) Exploring being-in-the-world

A

Which is not one of the four steps in descriptive phenomenology?

A) Bracketing

B) Inferring

C) Analyzing

D) Describing

B

Hermeneutics is closely allied with which research tradition?

A) Narrative analysis

B) Symbolic interaction

C) Grounded theory

D) Phenomenology

D

A study that focused on the meaning of sacrifice among wounded military personnel

during war time would likely be rooted in:

A) descriptive phenomenology.

B) grounded theory.

C) interpretive phenomenology.

D) ethnography.

C

Which qualitative tradition sometimes involves augmenting research data with "data"

from such alternative sources as novels or poetry?

A) Interpretive phenomenology

B) Grounded theory

C) Descriptive phenomenology

D) Narrative analysis

A

Which term is used to describe the interpretive process wherein the parts of a text and

the whole of a text must be understood in relation to one another?

A) Bracketing

B) Intuiting

C) Hermeneutic circle

D) Reflection

C

Which name does not belong with the others?

A) Heidegger

B) Husserl

C) Gadamer

D) Glaser

D

Grounded theory seeks to discover a main concern or problem, and the behaviour that is

designed to resolve it. The central phenomenon in grounded theory studies is known as:

A) the case study.

B) the constant comparison.

C) the core variable.

D) the hermeneutic circle.

C

Which procedure do grounded theory researchers use to develop and refine theoretically

relevant categories?

A) Bracketing

B) Intuiting

C) Constant comparison

D) Participant observation

C

Which is a type of core variable in grounded theory?

A) A basic social process

B) Symbolic interaction

C) Constant comparison

D) Reflexivity

A

Which qualitative tradition focuses on the manner in which people make sense of and

resolve problems that arise within social contexts?

A) Phenomenology

B) Grounded theory

C) Ethnography

D) Narrative analysis

B

Which qualitative tradition would be the foundation for the following question? "What

social processes do women use to maintain balance through their menopausal

transition?"

A) Grounded theory

B) Ethnography

C) Phenomenology

D) Qualitative description

A

Whose approach to grounded theory emphasizes the importance of subjectivity and the

researcher's shared role with participants in interpreting the data?

A) Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory

B) Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory

C) Glaser's grounded theory

D) All approaches are similar in their emphasis on subjectivity and shared interpretive

roles.

A

Which is least likely to be a source of data in historical nursing research?

A) Photographs

B) Participant observation field notes

C) Diaries

D) Newspaper articles

B

Which is most likely to be at "center stage" in a case study?

A) A phenomenon, such as attempted suicide

B) A culture within an organization, such as a mental health clinic

C) A person, such as a person who repeatedly self-harms

D) A story, such as the life stories of chronic health problems of refugees

C

Which statement about case studies is true?

A) A case study is essentially an anecdotal description.

B) A strength of case studies is the generalizability of the findings.

C) The entity under study in a case study is always an individual.

D) A case study design can be cross-sectional or longitudinal.

D

A researcher collected stories about how 16 suicide survivors felt when they learned

their suicide attempts had failed. What type of qualitative study is this likely to be?

A) Historical research

B) Qualitative description

C) A case study

D) A narrative analysis

D

Critical research differs from traditional qualitative research with respect to its:

A) goal to be transformative.

B) use of interviews as a data source.

C) use of reflexivity.

D) desire to gain an in-depth understanding of phenomena.

A

What is the central concern of a critical researcher?

A) A critique of the research methods of a completed study

B) A critique of society and social practices

C) A critique of existing theories

D) A critique of self

B

Which is not a type of research with an ideological perspective?

A) Critical ethnography

B) Constructivist grounded theory

C) Participatory action research

D) Feminist research

B

Which statement about ideologically based research is true?

A) Critical researchers and feminist researchers interact with participants in

collaborative ways that emphasize participants' expertise.

B) Critical theory has played an especially important role in phenomenology (critical

phenomenology).

C) Critical research has often been criticized for being exploitative.

D) Participatory action research is typically undertaken in the organization with which

the researcher is affiliated.

A