Mathematics Lecture Review: Exponents, Cubes, Divisibility, and Ratios

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions across exponents, powers, cubes, arithmetic rules, and ratios.

Power notation

A notation used to indicate the product obtained by multiplying a number by itself, represented with a base number and an exponent.

Base number

The number in power notation that specifies what number is being multiplied.

Exponent

The number in power notation that indicates how many times the base number is being multiplied by itself.

Scientific notation decimal term

The component of a number in scientific notation that indicates the number of significant figures in that number.

Scientific notation exponential term

The component of a number in scientific notation that indicates the position of the decimal point.

Light year

The distance travelled by light in one year, which equals $9,460,000,000,000\,\text{km}$.

Perfect cube

A natural number $m$ such that $m = n^3$ for some natural number $n$, whose prime factors can all be grouped in triplets.

Cube root

The specific number whose third power (cube) equals a given number.

Ista-gunana

Methods for quick multiplication using the distributive property in ancient Indian mathematics, named by Brahmagupta in the Brahmasphutasiddhanta.

Divisibility test

A quick rule used to determine whether a whole number is divisible by another number without carrying out full division.

Ratio

A mathematical comparison of two quantities indicating how many times one quantity is contained within another.

Antecedent

The first term $a$ in a ratio written in the form $a:b$.

Continued proportion

A condition among three quantities where the ratio of the first to the second equals the ratio of the second to the third.