Science Exam Review (Unit 5: Mixtures, Solutions, and Chemical Reactions)

mixture

physical blend of two or more substances

heterogeneous mixture

mixture where components are distinguishable

homogeneous mixture

mixture with uniform composition

solution

homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent

solute

substance dissolved in a solvent

solvent

substance that dissolves the solute

solubility

maximum amount of solute that dissolves

factors affecting solubility

temperature pressure stirring

saturated solution

contains maximum solute possible

unsaturated solution

can dissolve more solute

supersaturated solution

holds more solute than normal

synthesis reaction

combination of substances into one product

decomposition reaction

breaks compound into simpler parts

single replacement reaction

one element replaces another

double replacement reaction

ions in compounds switch partners

chemical equation

shows substances involved in reaction

reactants

substances you start with

products

substances produced in reaction

Law of Conservation of Mass

matter is neither created nor destroyed

catalyst

speeds up a chemical reaction

inhibitor

slows down a chemical reaction