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Types of pigments
Endogenous and exogenous
Incidental and pathologic (rare)
Pigment associated with “wear and tear”
Lipofuscin
What color is lipofuscin
Yellow-brown
Is lipofuscinosis usually incidental or pathologic
Incidental
Where does lipofuscin commonly accumulate
Neurons
Liver
Muscle
Why does lipofuscin get produced
Long term peroxidation of unsaturated FAs by oxygen free radicals
Brown dog gut
Severe intestinal lipofuscinosis due to vit E/Se deficiency
Normal pigment associated with skin coloring
Melanin
What color is melanin
Black/gray/dark
Is melanosis usually incidental or pathological
Incidental
Types of animals that may have congenital melanosis of organs
Spotted pigs (lungs)
Dark horses (esophagus)
Black faced animals (forebrain/pia mater)
How might chronic pruritis in a black animal cause melanosis
Melanin is dislodged from epidermal melanocytes → picked up by macrophages → migrate to LNs and deposit the pigment
Pigment associated with iron storage
Hemosiderin
What color is hemosiderin
Gold/brown
Is hemosiderosis usually incidental or pathologic
Often incidental, but can indicate a problem
Where does hemosiderin normally accumulate
Macrophages (siderophages) and hepatocytes
What causes hemosiderin deposits in macrophages
Hemorrhages
Heart failure and pulmonary hypertension
What causes hemosiderin deposits in hepatocytes
Excess iron
Being a cat
What makes up hemosiderin
Aggregates of ferritin, an iron storage protein
