BACTERIAL CELL MORPHOLOGY and FUNCTION

nucleus

Bacteria is classified as prokaryotes, with no _______, reproduce by binary fission

0.4 - 2 μm

Bacteria has both DNA and RNA, Average size __________

Mycoplasma

Smallest bacteria

mollicutes

another term for mycoplasma

Mycoplasma

CELL WALL present in all bacteria, considered cell wall less _______

Mycoplasma

With Cell membrane but no sterol except in _______________ (its cell membrane has sterol)

Taxonomy

__________is the orderly classification and grouping of organisms into taxa (categories).

Cell wall

a.k.a. peptidoglycan layer or murein layer

shape

Cell wall give _____ to the organism

attachment

Cell wall provides _______ for flagellum

antibiotic

Cell wall is the usual site of _______ action

gram staining

Cell wall is the basis of _________ _________

glucosamine; muramic acid

Disaccharides of CELL WALL N-acetyl-________ & N-acetyl-________

THICKER; teichoic; lipoteichoic

Gram positive cell wall with _________ peptidoglycan layer & with _____ acid and ________ acid

2

Gram Negative cell wall has ___ layers

peptidoglycan

Inner layer of gram negative cell

no

does the inner layer of gram negative has teichnoic acid?

Proteins, phospholipids and LPS

Outer membrane of gram negative cell

antigenic-O- specific polysaccharide, core polysaccharide, inner Lipid A (endotoxin)

3 regions of LPS:

S. pyogenes

Bacteria that has a cell wall with M protein and s the cause of pharyngitis

S. aureus

Bacteria that has a cell wall with Protein A

Mycobacterium

Bacteria that has a cell wall with Mycolic acid (waxy layer if glycolipids & fatty acids) ___________, it makes organism resistant to acid alcohol

CELL MEMBRANE / PLASMA MEMBRANE

A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm. It acts as osmotic barrier, energy generation

PILI / FIMBRIAE

Usually found in gram negative organisms

Pilus

Singular of pili

Pili

Infection starts when it attached to ______

Sex pili

for gene conjugation, transfer of genetic material,

gene conjugation

Sex pili

For genetic material transfer “mentalism of gene transfer”

Flagella

Lower, not virulence

Pili

Uniform, larger, gram negative only

Capsule

Not common to all bacteria and is more pathogenic

Mucoid

Capsule is antiphagocytic, responsible for _______, can be virulence factor

S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis

With polysaccharide capsule

B. Anthrasis (not polysaccharide in nature)

With Polypeptide D-glutamic Acid capsule

P. Multocida

With HYALURONIC acid capsule

H. Influenzae

Capsule with Polyribosyl Ribitol Phosphate

P. Aeruginosa

Alginate capsule

Neufeld queleng

Use for capsular swelling test

India ink

Stain for negative/capsular stain

Gram stain

“Halo-like” stain for capsule

Mayer’s mucicarmine

Pinkish red stain for capsule

Spores

resistant structures that enable organism to withstand injurious conditions because of DIPICOLINIC ACID/calcium dipicolinate

Autoclaving

spored is a target of sterilization, killed by _____

C. Tetani

With terminal swollen spores

B. Anthracis

Centrally located spores

C. Botulinum

Has sub-terminal spore

Malachite green

Primary dye of spores which appears green

Safranin

Counterstain of schaeffer & fulton which dye other spores red

Flagella

Organ for locomotion

Bacilli and spiral

These organisms are usually motile

Cocci

Most _____ are non-motile

Axial filaments (periplasmic flagella)

In spiral organisms the flagella is called ________

Room temperature

Motility is best observed at _______

Atrichous

Absense of flagella

Monotrichous

Single flagellum at one end Examples: Campylobacter, Pseudomonas

amphitrichous

Single flagellum at both ends i.e., Listeria

Lophotrichous

Bundle of flegalla at one or both ends i.e., H. pylori

Peritrichous

Organim surrounded with flagella i.e., Enterobacteriaceae except Klebsiella & Shigella

Hanging drop

presumptive test for L. monocytogenes

Grays, Leifson

Use of Flagellar stains

SIM, MIO/MOI

Use of SEMI-SOLID its a tube media

Non-motile

______________________if growth is AT THE LINE OF INOCULATION

Motile

_________if growth is OUTSIDE THE LINE of INOCULATION

Flagella

True motility presence of _____

E. Coli and P. aeruginosa

With surfing motility

Campilobacter spp.

With darting motility

Vibrio cholerae

Shooting star motility

C. Gingivalis

Gliding / sliding motility

P. Aeruginosa

Swimming, swarming and twitching

K. Kingae (nm), B. Henselae

Twitching motility and pili induced

L. Monocytogenes

Tumbling / end over end motility

Spirochetes

Corkscrew motility

C. Mesnili

Corkscrew motility (in Para) ___________