Paper 2 Case Studies

Lagos Liverpool Curitibia Kenya (tourism) India Rolls-Royce factory Outer Hebrides and South Cambridgeshire China Kenya (water project)

Where is Lagos?

southern Nigeria

How is Lagos regionally important?

it has a large migrant population

How is Lagos nationally important?

it is home to 80% of Nigeria’s industry

How is Lagos internationally important?

it is the financial centre of West Africa

Why is Lagos’ population growing?

natural increase and migration

Why does Lagos have high rates of natural increase?

youthful population

Why does Lagos have lots of migrants?

rural-urban migration from elsewhere in Nigeria

What is a social opportunity related to education in Lagos?

90% of children attend primary school

What is an employment opportunity in Lagos?

Nollywood

What percentage of Lagos residents live in slums?

66%

What percentage of Lagos residents do not have access to state supplied water?

60%

How many primary schools are there in Makoko?

one

Who polices most of Lagos?

area boys

What percentage of rubbish in Lagos is officially collected?

40%

What is an urban planning scheme in Lagos?

Makoko Floating School

What was a social benefit of Makoko Floating School?

100 students were educated for free

What was an economic benefit of Makoko Floating School?

provided employment for local teachers

What was an environmental benefit of Makoko Floating School?

ran on solar power

What was the main flaw of Makoko Floating School?

collapsed after a storm in 2016

Where is Liverpool?

north-west England

What river does Liverpool lie on?

Mersey

How is Liverpool internationally important?

it is a UNESCO world heritage site

How is Liverpool nationally important?

it contributes hugely to the manufacturing industry

How has national migration influenced Liverpool?

75% of residents have Irish ancestry

How has international migration influenced Liverpool?

home to Europe’s first Chinatown

What is an opportunity due to cultural mixing in Liverpool?

Chinatown

What is an entertainment opportunity in Liverpool?

Albert Dock

What is an employment opportunity in Liverpool?

Baltic Triangle

What is a transport opportunity in Liverpool?

MerseyTravel

Why caused most challenges in Liverpool?

deindustrialisation due to containerisation

What is an environmental challenge in Liverpool?

dereliction

What is a deprived area of Liverpool?

Anfield

What is the difference in women’s life expectancy between Knowsley and St Helens?

15 years

How has gentrification impacted housing access in Liverpool?

local people cannot afford to buy property

What is the youth unemployment rate in Anfield?

8.5%

What is LiverpoolONE?

a shopping centre

What is an economic opportunity of LiverpoolONE?

over 160 shops and restuarants

What is a social opportunity of LiverpoolONE?

many community events hosted

What is an environmental opportunity of LiverpoolONE?

five acre Chavasse Park

Where is Curitiba?

southern Brazil

How has Curitiba increased the sustainability of water use?

installed water meters in homes

How does Curitiba conserve energy?

84% of energy is from hydroelectric power

How has Curitiba preserved green space?

constructed 28 parks

What percentage of waste in Curitiba is recycled?

70%

How often do buses arrive during rush hour in Curitiba?

once every sixty seconds

Where is India?

South Asia, bordering the Indian Ocean

What is India like politically?

it has a democratically elected government

What is India like socially?

it has a medium level of development with lots of inequality

What is India like culturally?

it is very diverse with 22 official languages

What is India like environmentally?

it has a varied landscape with mountains, deserts, and forests

How is India regionally important?

biggest economy in South Asia

How is India globally important?

member of G20

How is India’s employment structure changing?

the secondary and tertiary sectors are growing, and the primary sector is shrinking

What is a TNC operating in India?

Unilever

How many people does Unilever employ in India?

16000

How many women are involved in Unilever’s Project Shakti?

75000

Why do some Unilever profits leave India?

Unilever is a Dutch-British company

Why might Unilever’s presence not be a long-term benefit?

Unilever often closes factories when tax breaks end

What is TAPI?

a natural gas pipeline from Turkmenistan to India

What is an important trade agreement in India?

the Asia-Pacific trade agreement

What is a short-term aid strategy in India?

Red Cross

What is a long-term aid strategy in India?

UK aid

What is a top-down aid strategy in India?

Mumbai Metro Scheme

What is a bottom-up aid strategy in India?

Acorn Project

How does the Red Cross help in India?

gives emergency supplies following natural disasters

How did UK aid help in India?

the government could choose to invest in the most needy areas

How does the Mumbai Metro Scheme help in India?

workers can commute more efficiently

How does the Acorn Project help in India?

rag-pickers are trained in essential waste handling skills

How has development impacted quality of life in India?

wages have increased

How has development impacted the environment in India?

Delhi has the worst air pollution in the world

What is increasing development in Kenya?

tourism

What is an economic advantage of tourism in Kenya?

9% of the population are employed in tourism

What is a social advantage of tourism in Kenya?

HDI has increased

What is an environmental advantage of tourism in Kenya?

revenue from national park entrance fees help conservation

What is a social disadvantage of tourism in Kenya?

some Maasai people have been forced off their land

What is an economic disadvantage of tourism in Kenya?

only a small proportion of profits go to locals

What is an environmental disadvantage of tourism in Kenya?

vehicles damage the environment

Where is an area of UK population growth?

South Cambridgeshire

Why is the population in South Cambridgeshire growing?

it is a popular commuter town

What is an advantage of population growth in South Cambridgeshire?

there is greater demand for products

What is a social disadvantage of population growth in South Cambridgeshire?

locals cannot afford the rising house prices

What is an economic disadvantage of population growth in South Cambridgeshire?

commuters do not contribute to the local economy

Where is an area of UK population decline?

Outer Hebrides

Why is the population in the Outer Hebrides decreasing?

young people are moving away

What is a social impact of population decline in the Outer Hebrides?

school closures

What is an economic impact of population decline in the Outer Hebrides?

decline in traditional fishing

What is an example of sustainable industry?

the Rolls Royce factory at Goodwood

What percentage of Rolls-Royce waste is recycled?

60%

How does the Rolls-Royce factory decrease energy usage?

floor to ceiling windows let in natural light

How does the Rolls-Royce factory reuse its waste?

donates to local carpentry charities

What is the name of a large scale water transfer project?

China South-North Water Transfer Project

Why does north China face water insecurity?

it has more people and less rainfall

How many transfer routes are in the CSNWTP?

three

What is a social advantage of the CSNWTP?

clean water is provided to 20 cities

What is an economic advantage of the CSNWTP?

water can be used to irrigate farmland

What is a social disadvantage of the CSNWTP?

345000 people had to leave their land

What is an economic disadvantage of the CSNWTP?

the diverted water is prohibitively expensive

What is an environmental disadvantage of the CSNWTP?

habitats have been destroyed

What is a sand dam?

a low dam that traps water in the rainy season

Why are sand dams appropriate for Kenya?

they are cheap and require little maintenance