Energy Production and Metabolism

These flashcards cover key concepts related to energy production, metabolism, and regulation based on the lecture notes.

Energy is defined as the capacity to do __.

work

The medium of energy exchange in cells is __.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Most ATP is generated from glucose and __ metabolism.

fatty acid

The end products of glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle include __ and FADH2.

NADH

NADH and FADH2 supply protons (H+) and __ to the electron transport chain.

electrons (e-)

Anaerobic ATP production can occur via __ degradation.

Phosphocreatine (PCr)

The end product of glycolysis in anaerobic conditions is __.

lactate

Most energy is stored as __ in adipocytes.

triglycerides

Glycogen in the liver is approximately __ grams.

150

A significant amount of glycogen is stored in __, around 350 grams.

muscle

Carbohydrates can generate ATP __ than from fat when aerobic.

slightly faster

Fat is __ as energy dense as carbohydrate.

twice

Excess glucose or amino acids may be converted to __.

fat

The absorptive state lasts approximately __ after a meal.

3-4 hours

During fasting, stored macronutrients are mobilized for __.

energy (catabolism)

Normal fasting blood glucose levels are around __ mM.

4 – 5.5

Insulin decreases in response to __ blood glucose levels.

elevated

Glycogenolysis is the process of making glucose from __.

glycogen

Muscle glycogen is predominantly used during __ intensity exercise.

high