PRINCIPLES & STRATEGIES OF TEACHING

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PRINCIPLES & STRATEGIES OF TEACHING

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Princeps

From which Latin word does the term 'Principles' originate?

Beginning or end of things

What is the literal meaning of the Latin word 'Princeps'?

Starting Principles

Which type of teaching principle involves the nature of the learner and their psychological/physiological endowments?

Guiding Principles

Which type of teaching principle refers to the procedure or methods of instruction directed toward learning objectives?

Ending Principles

Which type of teaching principle refers to educational goals, objectives, and outcomes?

Cognitive

The principle that learning is an experience occurring inside the learner and activated by the learner is a _____ principle of learning.

True

True or False:

Learning is sometimes a painful process.

The learner himself

What is the 'richest resource' for learning?

Approach

Is a teacher's viewpoint toward teaching considered an 'Approach' or a 'Method'?

Method

Is a series of related and progressive acts performed by teacher and students to achieve an objective called a 'Strategy' or a 'Method'?

Strategies

What term refers to a long-term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal?

Technique

What term refers to a well-defined procedure used to accomplish a specific activity or task?

The teacher

In a teacher-centered approach, who is perceived as the only reliable source of information?

Subject Matter-Centered Approach

Which approach gives primacy to the subject matter over the learner and sticks strictly to the syllabus?

Banking

The _____ approach, coined by Paulo Freire, views students as empty vessels to be filled by the teacher.

Constructivist Approach

Which approach requires students to construct knowledge and meaning by connecting new information to prior knowledge?

Disciplinal Approach

Which approach limits the teacher to discussing his or her lessons within the boundary of his/her subject?

Guided Approach

In the _____ approach, the teacher facilitates the learning process by allowing the learner to be engaged with guidance.

Metacognitive Approach

Which approach focuses on the process of thinking about thinking?

Indirect Approach

Teacher-centered : Direct Approach

Learner-centered : _____

Expository Method

Which method of teaching is associated with the work of David P. Ausubel?

Inductive

General to Specific : Deductive

Specific to General : _____

Deductive Method

Between the Deductive and Inductive methods, which is considered a 'quick process'?

Inductive Method

Between the Deductive and Inductive methods, which is considered a 'Method of Discover'?

Procedural Knowledge

What type of knowledge refers to skills needed in the performance of a task, such as sewing or playing basketball?

Learner's ability

What is the 'first and foremost consideration' in choosing a teaching method?

Facilitator

Which role of a teacher describes them as a 'guide on the side'?

Learning

According to John Dewey, teaching is good when it is based on the psychology of _____.

Evaluation

The Principle of _____ states that the teacher must bear in mind that drill and review have different meanings and functions.

Edward Lee Thorndike

Who developed the Laws of Learning?

Law of Effect

Which law of learning states that learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling?

Law of Exercise

Which law of learning stresses that repetition is basic to the development of adequate responses?

Law of Readiness

Which law of learning refers to the preparatory set that makes an organism physically and mentally ready to learn?

Create

In Bloom's Taxonomy, what is the highest level of the cognitive domain (HOTS)?

Remember

In Bloom's Taxonomy, what is the lowest level of the cognitive domain?

David Krathwohl

Who developed the taxonomy for the Affective Domain?

Characterization (Internalizing Values)

What is the highest stage of the Affective Domain taxonomy?

Valuing

In the Affective Domain, what stage involves the 'willingness to be perceived by others as valuing certain ideas'?

Complex Overt Response

In the Psychomotor Domain, what level involves the 'skillful performance of an act with accuracy and high level proficiency'?

Set

Which Psychomotor level describes the 'readiness to take an action'?

Panel

Which discussion technique involves an informal discussion by a group of four to six students led by a chairman?

Symposium

Which discussion technique is characterized by a more formal setting than a panel and involves key opening statements on a topic?

Buzz

In a _____ session, four to seven students meet to share views and reactions without formal preparations.

Socio-drama

Which simulation technique portrays special scenes from history or literature?

• Initiation

• Response

• Feedback

What is the three-step classroom sequence for the Question and Answer method?

Convergent

Are 'Closed Questions' considered convergent or divergent?

Divergent

Are 'Open Questions' considered convergent or divergent?

False

True or False:

A good question should include technical jargon to challenge students.

Technique

What term refers to the 'personal art and style of the teacher' in carrying out teaching procedures?

Context

The Principle of _____ states that instruction depends largely on the setting, including the use of materials.

Principle of Individualization

Which principle states that instruction must progress in terms of the learner’s own purposes, attitudes, and abilities?

Sequence

The Principle of _____ suggests that instruction depends on the effective ordering of a series of learning tasks.

Homogeneous

In the context of learner classification, what term refers to learners grouped by similar elements like age or ability?

Deductive Method

Which teaching method follows the steps: Statement of Problem, Statement of Generalization, Inferring, and Verification?

Showing Method

Which teacher-centered strategy uses explanation and modeling followed by student practice and feedback?

• Performance

• Condition

• Criterion

What are the three elements to consider when writing SMART instructional objectives?

Pre-assessment

A teacher wants to determine the entry behavior of students before a unit begins. Which evaluation should they use?

Formative Evaluation

A teacher provides ongoing feedback to students during instruction to correct learning errors. What evaluation type is this?

Summative Evaluation

What type of evaluation is used to determine how well students have attained instructional objectives at the end of a course?

Classroom Climate

In classroom management, what term refers to the emotional tone and quality of human relationships in the room?

Transitions

Which aspect of classroom management focuses on smooth movement from one lesson part to another to reduce 'slack time'?

Pacing

What term describes the rate at which a teacher helps learners move through a lesson?

Jigsaw

The _____ Method is a group activity where learning material is divided into sections and each member becomes an 'expert' on one part.

• Cognitive

• Psychomotor

• Affective

What are the three main domains in the Taxonomy of Objectives?

Realia

In instructional materials, what term refers to objects as they exist in their natural context?

Models

What instructional materials are constructed as substitutes when realia are unavailable?

Formal Education

Which mode of instructional delivery is highly institutionalized, hierarchically structured, and chronologically graded?

Non-Formal Education

Which mode of delivery is provided to out-of-school youth or illiterate adults for functional literacy or skills training?

Distance Education

What type of education is characterized by the physical separateness of learners and teachers?

Pre-service teachers

Is a 'Detailed Lesson Plan' usually done by neophyte teachers or pre-service teachers?

Introductory / Preparatory Activities

In the lesson plan format, what activities are designed to gain students' attention or recall prerequisites?

Developmental Activities

In the lesson plan format, which part is considered the 'heart of good instruction'?

Teaching students self-control and responsibility

What is the primary goal of discipline in the classroom?

False

True or False:

Public correction is preferable to private correction to set an example for the class.

Principle of child-centeredness

Which instructional principle by John Dewey states that the child should be made the center of the educational process?

Starting

The _____ Principle of teaching refers to the 'psychological and physiological endowments' of the learner.

Research-Based Approach

Which approach is 'anchored on research findings'?

Whole Child

The _____ Approach takes into account academic, emotional, creative, psychological, spiritual, and developmental needs.

Organization

In the Affective Domain, what term describes the 'conceptualization of values' and the 'organization of a value system'?

Mechanism

In the Psychomotor Domain, what level involves 'habitual responses done with proficiency and confidence'?

Motor Control

Cognitive : Mental Process

Psychomotor : _____

Brainstorming

Which strategy utilizes pupils' knowledge and ideas to explore creative alternatives without fear of ridicule?

To expand, justify, or clarify ideas

What is the specific purpose of 'Probing Questions'?

Evaluative-Thinking Questions

What kind of questions require students to judge, value, choose, or defend information?

Result-oriented

In the SMART acronym for objectives, what does 'R' stand for?

Authenticity

The Principle of _____ states that instructional materials must relay accurate and reliable information.

Cost-effectiveness

The Principle of _____ states that the cost of media must diminish as the number of students using them increases.

Norm-reference assessment

What assessment compares a pupil's performance to the average performance of their classmates?

Criterion-reference assessment

What assessment evaluates a student based on a pre-determined standard?

Completion test

Which evaluation tool is best for sampling a cross-section of content while eliminating guessing?

Rating scales and checklists

Which evaluation tool is used when judgment about several levels of performance quality is needed?

Instructional Management

Is 'Movement Management' an aspect of Time Management or Instructional Management?

Administrative routines

What routines are related to recurring tasks like checking attendance or collecting work?

Instructional Management (providing assistance)

A student needs help while the teacher is busy. The teacher has assigned 'peer helpers'. Which management aspect is this?

Review

What type of lesson requires viewing old facts and concepts in a new setting?

Reflective Teaching Method

Which approach brings learners to continuously learn from their experiences through introspection and analysis?

Technique

What term describes the teacher's unique way or style of executing the stages of a teaching method?

True

True or False:

Teaching is both a science and an art.

Focus

The principle of _____ states that instruction must be organized about a direction, such as a problem to be solved.