Chapter 6 Skeletal system| Bone tissue

What are the three functions of skeletal systems 

• support

• protection

• movement

What type of tissue is bone?

Connective

What are the three things bones are associated with?

• cartilage

• blood

• fat

What are two types of bones?

• spongy

• compact

How many bones are in the body?

206

What Cartilages are associated with skeleton?

• Hyaline

• Elastic

• Fibrocartilage

What is Hyaline cartilage’s function in the skeleton?

Support and flexibility

Elastic’s location?

Outer ear and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage function?

Sustain pressure and stretch

Where would the fibrocartilage be located?

knee and vertebrae

What are the classifications for bones by shape?

1. Long Bone

2. Irregular bone

3. Flat bone

4. short bone

What are the three things lone bones are classified for

• Longer than they are wide

• Have diaphysis and epiphysis

• External is compact, internal is spongy

short bone classification

• cube shaped

• Thin external coat of compact bone, spongy bone inside

Sesamoid bone

• sesame seed

• shaped short bone

Flat bone

• thin flat

• thin external coat compact bone, spongy bone inside

Irregular

doesn’t fit other categories

Diaphysis

Compact bone has yellow marrow cavity inside

Epiphysis 

External compact bone, internal spongy bone, has red marrow

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

cushion bone ends

Epiphyseal plate

for interstitial growth

What are three things the Periosteum do?

• covers the external surfaces

• has osteogenic cells for appositional growth

• attached to underlying bone with sharpies fibers (collagen)

Endosteum

• covers the inner surfaces

• composed of osteogenic cells

osteogenic

bone stem cells

Osteoblasts

synthesize new bone matrix

osteocytes

matures cells that mantain the matrix around them

Osteoclast

• formed from fusion of many wbcs

• found in endosteum

• secrete enzymes that break down bone matrix

What is the healing process of a bone fracture?

• A hematoma forms

• Fibrocartilaginous callus forms

• Bony callus forms

• Bone remodeling occurs

Depressed

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

• skull fracture

Greenstick

• bone breaks incompletely, one side breaks other side bends

Spiral

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting force are applied to a bone

Epiphyseal

Epiphysis separates from diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

Comminuted

Bone fragments into three or more pieces

Compression

Bone is crushed

Osteons

have layers of concentric lamellae

Lamellae

composed of parallel bundles of collagen fibers in calcified matric

Lacunae

are found between adjacent lamellae

Volkman canal

connects the vessels in the periosteum and central canals