Week 4 Care of Fetus During Perinatal Period

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Embryonic Stage

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38 Terms

1

Embryonic Stage

The period after implantation during which all major organs and structures within the growing fetus develop.

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2

Pregnancy

The state of having a developing embryo or fetus within the body, from conception to delivery.

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3

Decidua

The term for the uterine lining during pregnancy, which will be discarded after birth.

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4

Trophoblast

Cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst that provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into part of the placenta.

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5

Blastocyst

The stage the human embryo reaches approximately 5-6 days after fertilization.

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6

Decidua Basalis

The part of the endometrium directly under the embryo where trophoblasts communicate with maternal blood vessels.

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7

Decidua Capsularis

The portion of the endometrium that encapsulates the surface of the trophoblast.

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8

Decidua Vera

The remaining portion of the uterine lining after the embryo enlarges.

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9

Chorionic Villi

Miniature villi that reach out from the trophoblast into the uterine endometrium to begin placenta formation.

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10

Syncytiotrophoblast

The outer layer of cells that produces various placental hormones, including hCG and estrogen.

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11

Cytotrophoblast

The middle layer of trophoblast cells that disappears between 20th and 24th weeks of gestation.

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12

Placenta

A flat, disc-shaped organ responsible for nutrient and gas exchange between the fetus and mother.

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13

Amnion

The inner layer of the fetal membrane that gives rise to amniotic fluid and the umbilical cord.

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14

Umbilical Cord

A structure containing two arteries and one vein that connects the fetus to the placenta.

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15

Amniotic Fluid

A clear fluid in which the fetus floats, providing protection and facilitating movement.

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16

Hydramnios

A condition of excessive amniotic fluid, more than 2000 ml.

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17

Oligohydramnios

A condition of reduced amniotic fluid, less than 300 ml.

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18

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A hormone that ensures the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone and estrogen.

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19

Estrogen

A hormone that contributes to mammary gland development and stimulates uterine growth.

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20

Progesterone

A hormone that maintains the endometrial lining and reduces uterine contractility.

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21

Totipotent Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells that can develop into a complete human being.

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22

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cells that can develop into specific body cells, such as nerve or skin cells.

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23

Multipotent Cells

Cells that can develop into multiple cell types but are more limited than pluripotent cells.

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24

Ectoderm

The germ layer that develops into the skin, nervous system, and sense organs.

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25

Mesoderm

The germ layer that develops into the musculoskeletal, circulatory, and genitourinary systems.

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26

Endoderm

The germ layer that develops into the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract.

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27

Lanugo

Downy hair that covers a term newborn’s body.

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28

Multigravida

A woman who has been pregnant two or more times.

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29

Primigravida

A woman who is pregnant for the first time.

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30

Meconium

A collection of sticky cellular wastes produced by the fetus.

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31

Brown Fat

A special fat that aids in temperature regulation for the newborn.

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32

Lung Surfactant

A mixture of lipids and proteins that lowers surface tension in the alveoli.

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33

Moro Reflex

An infantile reflex that involves spreading out the arms in response to a sudden loss of support.

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34

Vernix Caseosa

A white substance that protects the skin of the fetus and serves as a lubricant in utero.

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35

Ductus Venosus

A vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver.

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36

Ductus Arteriosus

A vessel that allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs and closes during neonatal respiration.

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37

Foramen Ovale

A temporary opening connecting the left and right atrium of the fetal heart, which closes at birth.

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38

Adaptation to Extra-Uterine Life

The physiological changes that occur in a newborn after birth, including the establishment of pulmonary respiration.

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