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Alliteration
Repetition of initial sounds
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds
Imagery
Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
Rhyme scheme
the pattern of rhyme in a poem
Meter
A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
Enjambment
The running-over of a sentence or phrase from one poetic line to the next
Free verse
Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme
Shakespearean sonnet
a sonnet consisting three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg
Petrarchan sonnet
a sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd
Couplet
Two consecutive lines of poetry that often rhyme
Quatrain
Stanza of four lines
Octave
Stanza of eight lines
Sestet
Stanza of six lines
Iamb
unstressed, stressed (U /)
Trochee
stressed, unstressed (/ U)
Spondee
stressed, stressed (/ /)
Anapest
unstressed, unstressed, stressed (U U /)
Dactyl
stressed, unstressed, unstressed (/ U U)
Villanelle
A French verse form consisting of five three-line stanzas and a final quatrain
Haiku
A Japanese verse form of three lines with a 5/7/5 syllable count
Limerick
A form of five generally anapestic lines rhyming AABBA
Cinquain
A poem or stanza of 5 lines
Ekphrastic poem
A poem that brings a work of art to life by exploring emotion, story, or meaning.
Acrostic
A poem in which the first letter of each line spells out a word, name, or phrase when read vertically.
Abecedarian
A poem in which the first letter of each line or stanza follows sequentially through the alphabet.
Prose poem
A poem without line breaks
Univocalic
A poem using only one vowel sound
Stanza
A group of lines in a poem
Slant rhyme
words that have similar final sounds
Internal rhyme
words that rhyme within a poetic line