Metabolism and Nutrient Processing

Flashcards covering key concepts related to metabolism and nutrient processing.

What is metabolism?

The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.

What is catabolism?

The breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones.

What is anabolism?

The synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler ones.

What occurs during glycolysis?

Glucose is converted to pyruvate, producing 2 ATP without the use of oxygen.

What is the overall reaction formula for glycolysis?

Glucose + 2 NAD + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + 2 ATP.

What is decarboxylation in cellular respiration?

The removal of hydrogen atoms from pyruvic acids by coenzymes.

How many ATP are produced in the TCA cycle?

2 ATP.

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Transfer of hydrogen ions in the electron transport chain leading to ATP production.

How many usable ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport system?

36 ATP.

What is gluconeogenesis?

The process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

What is lipolysis?

Lipid catabolism where lipids are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

What is the primary function of lipoproteins?

Transport lipids in the bloodstream.

What is protein catabolism?

The breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

What process requires vitamin B6 during amino acid catabolism?

Transamination.

What is the absorptive state?

The period when the body is absorbing nutrients after a meal.

What is the postabsorptive state?

The period when the body is not absorbing nutrients.

What role does the liver play in metabolism?

Regulates glucose and amino acids, stores glucose, and synthesizes proteins.

What happens in adipose tissue during the absorptive state?

It removes fatty acids and glycerol from the bloodstream.

What do neural tissues primarily use for energy?

Glucose.

What occurs in skeletal muscle during the absorptive state?

Builds proteins from amino acids and stores glucose for reserves.