Chapter 12 - Liquids, solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Increasing KE (kinetic energy)

increases during the phase change from solid → liquid → gas

Increasing IMF

increases during the phase change from gas → liquid → solid

deposition

gas → solid

sublimation

solid → gas

Melting point (m.p.)

there is an equilibrium between Solid and Liquid

Boiling point (b.p.)

there is an equilibrium between Liquid and Gas

Electrostatic forces

• + ion to - ion

• partial positive end of polar molecule to partial negative end of polar molecule

• H-bonding is especially strong

• nonpolar molecules will have temp. charges

Constituent Particles (CP)

the structure determines the strength of the IMFs that hold the substances together

Strong attractive forces

these are more likely to stay in their current form, thus they require a higher melting/boiling point

Strong IMFs in substances

these substances are likely to stay in their current form

strong attractive forces among particles

these are more resistant to moving