P2 TERMS

Sir Edmund Andros

Former Governor of the Dominion of New England who ruled with authoritarian control, disregarding local representation. His pro-Anglican stance clashed with Puritans, leading to his overthrow in the 1689 Boston revolt.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who challenged strict religious views, arguing that salvation came through faith, not good works. She was banished from Massachusetts in 1638 and helped establish Rhode Island.

Antinomianism

The belief that moral and religious laws are unnecessary for salvation. Some colonists used their freedom from England to reject strict laws while still providing profits to the mother country.

Barbados Slave Codes

Laws in the English colony of Barbados that defined enslaved people as property with no legal rights, providing a legal foundation for chattel slavery.

Beaver & Chickasaw Wars

Conflicts between the Iroquois Confederacy and other Native tribes over fur trade control, with British and French alliances playing a key role. Most conflicts were over land and trade disputes.

Catawba Nation

A Native American tribe from the southeastern U.S., known for pottery and alliances with settlers. They faced challenges like disease and displacement.

Dominion of New England

A short-lived administrative union (1686) of several New England colonies under one royal governor, stripping them of self-governance and causing colonial resentment.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights, which inspired colonial self-government and resistance to British rule.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

An early colonial agreement establishing a representative government, considered the first American constitution.

Great "English" Migration

The migration of English Puritans to New England for political and religious freedom, leading to the establishment of colonies like Massachusetts Bay.

“Holy Experiment”

William Penn’s Quaker colony, Pennsylvania, was founded as a safe haven for religious freedom, attracting persecuted Europeans.

Homogeneous Society

A community where members share similar religious, ethnic, and cultural traits, as seen in early colonial societies.

Huron Confederacy

An alliance of Iroquoian-speaking nations in Ontario that influenced trade and warfare, particularly in the fur trade.

Indentured Servant

A worker bound by contract to labor for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies, often used by poor Englishmen.

Iroquois Confederation

A powerful alliance of six Native American tribes that played a major role in trade, diplomacy, and military conflicts, often allying with the British.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in Virginia, initially founded to seek gold and trade routes but ultimately leading to the colony’s expansion.

King Philip’s War

A conflict (1675-1676) between Native Americans and English colonists in New England, marking the last major Native resistance to colonial expansion.

John Locke

An Enlightenment thinker who advocated for natural rights, limited government, and the idea that government derives power from the people.

Maryland Toleration Act

A 1649 law granting religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland, protecting settlers from discrimination based on their faith.

Predestination

The belief that God has already determined who will be saved or damned, a key idea in Puritan religious life.

Navigation Acts

English laws regulating colonial trade to enforce British economic dominance, leading to tensions that contributed to the Revolutionary War.

Pilgrims

Separatists who completely broke from the Church of England, settling in Plymouth Colony and shaping early American society.

Puritans

A group of English Protestants seeking to purify the Church of England, leading to their migration to the New World and influence on colonial government.