EXAM 5 CH 8, 9, 10 BIO 1
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/39
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
40 Terms
metabolism
the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life
metabolic pathway
a specific molecule is altered in a series of steps to result in a specific product
enzyme
a macromolecule that speeds up and chemical reaction
catabolic pathways
processes that break down molecules to release energy
anabolic pathways
consume energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones.
bioenergetics
the study of how energy flows through living organisms
energy
the capacity to cause change
kinetic energy
the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
thermal energy
kinetic energy associated with the random motion of particles.
heat
transfer of thermal energy to another
potential energy
the energy possessed by an object due to its position or condition.
chemical energy
the potential energy stored for release during a reaction
thermodynamics
the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
system
the matter under study
surroundings
everything outside a system
isolated system
a system unable to exchange energy or matter with its surroundings
open system
a system that can exchange energy and matter with its surroundings
first law of thermodynamics
The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
second law of thermodynamics
every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
entropy
a measure of molecular disorder
spontaneous process
a process that can proceed without requiring an input of energy
nonsnpontaneous
a process that cannot occur without an input of energy
free energy
the portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
exergonic reaction
a reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy
endergonic reaction
a reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings, resulting in a net increase in free energy.
energy coupling
the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
ATP
sugar ribose, nitrogenous base adenine, 3 phosphate chain
phosphorylated intermediate
a molecule that has received a phosphate group from ATP
catalyst
a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed in the process.
activation energy
the initial investment of energy for starting a reaction
substrate
the reactant the enzyme acts on
active site
the specific region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
induced fit
the tightening of enzyme around the substrate
cofactors
non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions
coenzyme
a type of cofactor that is organic and aids in enzyme function
competitive inhibitors
chemicals that reduce the productivity of enzymes
noncompetitive inhibitors
inhibitor that binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site
allosteric regulation
term used to describe any case in which a proteins function at one site is affected by the binding of a molecule at another site, which can enhance or inhibit activity.
feedback inhibition
a metabolic pathway is halted by the inhibitory binding of its end product to and enzyme