pop. and migration patterns and processes

population distribution

the pattern of human settlement, spread of people across earth.

population density

measure of avg pop. per square mile or kilometer. measures how crowded a space is, but says little about pop. distribution.

midlatitiudes

the region between 30 degrees north and 60 degrees north, and 30 degrees south and 60 degrees south.

social stratification

hierarchical div. of people based on characteristic like economic status, ethnicity, etc.

arithmetic pop. density

most common pop. density, region pop./total area

physiological pop. density

population/# of arable land

arable land

land suitable for growing crops.

carrying capacity

# of pop. supported w/o environmental deterioration.

agricultural pop density

compares # of farmers to area of arable land.

overpopulation

region having more than it can support.

age- sex composition graph

that is based on the age and gender data. can provide info of birth and death rates, lifespan, and economic advantages.

population pyramid

a tool to study population, commonly constructed at a country scale. has vertical and horizontal axis.

cohort

vertical axis, often in the middle, but sometimes L or R as well.

sex ratio

comparison between men and women.

dependency ratio

a value comparing working and non-working parts of a population.

birth deficit

a slowing down of birth rates.

baby boom

birth rates are higher for a number of years.

baby busts

oppposite of baby boom; births are lower for a number of years.

echo

an increase in birth rates that are a sign of an earlier baby boom.

potential workforce

ages 15-49, expected to be society’s workforce.

dependent population

<15, >49, depends on potential workforce.