15 Presidents

• N/A to a party: thought they divided people

• From Virginia

• 2 terms - 8 years

• Led militias and troops in french and indian war 

• Was a general and led troops to fight british in the Revolutionary war

• Served in house of burgess for 15 years before american revolution

• Congress elected him as congress in chief

• He set the standard for presidents 

• $1 dollar bill (head on it)

• 69 electoral votes (everyone voted for him)

• His role in the Whiskey Rebellion washington called neighboring militias to put down the rebellion by force if it was needed this demonstrated they would enforce laws (the government ) (executive branch)

• N/A to a party: thought they divided people

• From Virginia

• 2 terms - 8 years

• Led militias and troops in french and indian war 

• Was a general and led troops to fight british in the Revolutionary war

• Served in house of burgess for 15 years before american revolution

• Congress elected him as congress in chief

• He set the standard for presidents 

• $1 dollar bill (head on it)

• 69 electoral votes (everyone voted for him)

• His role in the Whiskey Rebellion washington called neighboring militias to put down the rebellion by force if it was needed this demonstrated they would enforce laws (the government ) (executive branch)

George Washington

• He was from Massachusetts

• Federalist party  

• He defended british soldiers because he believed that everyone deserved defense 

• Xyz affair: dispatched 3 ministers to france to protect us shipping french foreign ministers in paris offered bribe before negotiations 

• These acts were made public to the U.S there was a great outcry and preparations for naval war the war however was averted and was settle at the 1800 convection 

• He created and signed the aliens and the sedition acts he saw that the U.S wasn't ready for war and couldn't aid france in their revolution acts were controversial and people thought they interfered with the first amendment these acts deported immigrants and made it harder for them to vote

John Adams

• From Virginia 

• Democratic republican party 

• He was tall “long tom”

• He drafted the declaration

• He was part of the Louisiana Purchase, purchased land west of the Mississippi River and cost $15 million

• Ohio entered the union during his presidency (1803)

• Marbury v. Madison, Judicial Review

• Chief Justice John Marshall established this principle which was an important addition to the system of "checks and balances". It was created to prevent any branch of the Federal Government from becoming too powerful.     (case was during his presidency)

Thomas Jefferson

• From Virginia

• Democratic Republican party 

• He was 5’4

• The war of 1812 was declared while he was president

• “Father of Constitution” he took detailed notes when drafting the constitution

• the Federalist Papers, 29 out of 85 total essays

• He used a fake name (publius)

• He wrote these essays along with John Jay (5) and Alexander Hamilton (51!!)

James Madison

• New Jersey 

• Democratic Republican party 

• He acquired florida in the treaty of Adam-Onis

• The era of good feelings since it was a time of peace and prosperity

• Monroe Doctrine: warned European powers that the US would not tolerate further European colonization in the Western Hemispheres and declared the 2 hemispheres separate/independen

• He and his secretary of state john quincy adams instituted this doctrine that was huge in the U.S foreign policy 

• the Missouri Compromise, 36°30' in 1820 under his presidency 

James Monroe

• Massachusetts

• Whig Party/democratic-Republican 

• He served as secretary of state under James Monroe earning respect as president

• He would skinny dip in the potomac river and Ann Royall got an interview by sitting on his clothes (woman couldn't get US president interviews usually) 

• He believed in anti-slavery and thought it went against the declaration of independence 

John Quincy Adams

• Tennessee 

• Democratic-Republican party and when it split became 1st member of Democratic party 

• Old hickory during war because he was a strict and bold officer in the war of 1812

• The battle of new orleans was fought by their troops though the british already had surrendered (they won this battle) 

• In 1830 he signed the Indian removal act which forced Native Americans on the trail of tears heading westward

Andrew Jackson

• New York 

• Democratic party

• His 1st language was dutch and second was english

• He was the first president born as an American citizen 

• In 1821 he served a new york representative in the U.S senate

• The panic of 1837 was a financial crisis and led to one of the worst depressions in history 

Martin Van Buren

• He was elected from ohio (not born there)

• He was part of the Whig party; the whig party was derived from the English anti monarchist party and was an attempt to portray Andrew Jackson as "King Andrew."

• He caught pneumonia after his inaugural speech with no coat in cold rain

• It was 2 hours long and it was 8,445 words long (he wrote it by himself)

• He was the first congressional delegate from northwest territory where fought american indians

• Fort Meigs was the military fort built in 1813

• "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too." - The Whigs nominated Tyler for Vice President hoping for support from southern states-righters. 

William Henry Harrison

• Virginia

• Whig Party

• He was the first vice president to become president 

• William henry harrison died in office and the discussions led to the 25th amendment

• The Whig party, his original party he ran under tried to impeach him because he “violated the Whig concept of presidency” who believed that the president should be deferential to congress.

• In 1845 he worked to gain the annexation of texas

• After presidency he served on the house of representatives in virginia 

John Tyler

• Tennessee

• Democratic party 

• Known as dark horse because he was a lesser known candidate who scaled his way to prominence

• His stance of foreign policy was settling the borders of oregon territory and acquiring  california (getting more land more the U.S)

• The Mexican-American war was fought and the US won during his presidency 

• Annexed texas as the newest state in 1845

• The 49th parallel becomes the border between british and american claims to the oregon territory 

James K Polk

• Virginia 

• Whig party 

• Served in military for 40 years

• Old rough and ready was his nickname because he fought alongside his men in battle

• He was the hero in the Mexican- American war

• He was a wealthy slave owner he owned plantations in louisiana kentucky mississippi

• He clashed with congress over admitting California was a free state because  he wanted to end the dispute over slavery in new areas

• He died from cholera morbus while president

Zachary Taylor

• New york 

• Whig party 

• He was elected as vice president but when Zacahry taylor died he took over 

• Newspapers and rival politicians made fun of him for his policies regarding american slavery 

• He campaigned the compromise of 1850 to prevent a civil war 

• His role as vice president during the compromise was to preside over the senate

• The compromise of 1850 dealt with slavery by settling disagreements over the state of american slavery, new slave act called the fugitive slave act of 1850 

Millard Fillmore

• New hampshire

• Democratic Party

• He served for 4 years in house of representatives and for 5 years in senate

• Young hickory of the granite hills was his nickname for being such a big supporter of andrew jackson 

• He supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Southerners position as to their constitutional right to expand slavery into the territories

• He supported the kansas-nebraska act which led to the addition of 2 new western states to join the union 

• The republican party exists because of northern peoples frustration with his stance in slavery 

• He was 48 years old when elected president (youngest)

• He made the gadsden purchase to obtain new mexico and arizona 

Franklin Peirce

• Pennsylvania (only president elected from here)

• Democratic Party

• He was called the bachelor president (never married)

• Harriet lane was his niece and was in his care after she was orphaned at 11 years old she acted as buchanan's first lady (hostess) during presidency as he was never married

• 7 southern states seceded from the Union because they were concerned that the Republican government would attempt to abolish slavery

• States were also irritated with his passive and moderate views about taking action about slavery disputes

• Dred Scott vs  Sanford dealing with slavery was a supreme court case that took place during his presidency 

• He personally opposed slavery on moral grounds. However, he believed that the U.S. Constitution supported slavery

• The civil war began after one month of not being president 

James Buchanen