KIN 3502 - Distribution and Variability
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27 Terms
what is this?
histogram
what does shape equal?
skewness
what number would a negatively skewed curve have?
-1
what number would a normal curve have?
0
what number would a postively skewed curve have?
+1
what affects measures of central tendency?
skew
where would the mean, median, and mode be located here?
mean (on the tail), median (in the middle), and mode (at the peak)
what is kurtosis?
peakedness
what type of kurtosis is this?
mesokurtic; average
what type of kurtosis is this?
platykurtic; flat
what type of kurtosis is this?
leptokurtic; peak
what is variability?
The spread or dispersion of scores in a data set. The result of scores not all being identical (range, variance, standard deviation)
what is range?
High score minus the low score; unstable
what is the range: 9, 12, 5, 4, 26, 12, 11, 14
22
what is variance (S²)?
Spread of scores based on squared deviation from mean; Most stable measure of variability
what are the types of variance (S²)?
observed, true, error, sample, between-subject, witthin-subbject
what is standard deviation?
Takes into account every score; square root of the variance
what is standard score?
Standardizing (i.e., make the same unit) a set of observations/scores around a mean and standard deviation to allow for direct comparison
how does standard score help us?
Allows for comparison between variables that traditionally can’t be compared
what is z-score?
the most fundamental standard score that have a mean score of 0 and standard deviation of 1; Expresses distance a score is from the mean (0 SD, 50%)
what is the formula for Z score?
z = (X-M)/s
what is the middle percentile os a normal curve?
34.13%
what are the percentile tails of a normal curve?
0.13%
what is the percentile of a normal curve before the tails?
2.15%
what is the percentile of a normal curve after the middle?
13.59%
What percentage of scores fall between a z-score of 1.5 and 2?
47.72 - 43.32 = 4.40%
A z-score of 2.27 places an individual in what percentile?
48.84 +50 = 98.84