Marine Science Chapter 3 Test

evaporation

the escape of molecules from the liquid phase into the gas stage

hydrogen

a weak bond that forms between two water molecules

cohesion

the intermolecular attraction between molecules of the same substance

salinity

The total amount of salt dissolved in seawater. Expressed in parts per thousand (ppt) or as a percentage.

solid

particles that are tightly linked together in a definite shape

atoms

what all matter in the universe is composed of

surface tension

the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force

heat capacity

the amount of heat added to a substance to raise its temperature (reflects the substances ability to store heat)

polar

a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge (partial positively charged end and a partially negatively charged end)

solid water (ice) is _____ than liquid water

less dense

transparency

The ability of light to penetrate a body of water

every ten meter of depth is another ______ of pressure

atmosphere

An ocean surface salinity map shows that the ____ salinities are found at latitudes that get the most precipitation or are near the coastlines where there is freshwater runoff

lowest

An ocean surface salinity map shows that the _____ salinities are found at latitudes that get more evaporation than precipitation or partially enclosed seas

highest

Warm water is ______ dense than cold water

less

Saltier water is _______ dense than freshwater

more

_____ increases with depth.

pressure

Gases dissolve better in ____ water than ____ water.

cold, warm

The most ____ ions in seawater are sodium ions and chloride ions.

abundant

The average salinity of the ocean is ____% or ____ ppt.

3.5, 35

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are the three most important ____ in our ocean

gases

As pressure increases, air filled chambers ____ or shrink

compress

rule of constant proportions

the ocean is well mixed

what color is filtered out first

red

which wavelength of light penetrates the deepest through water

blue

all light is absorbed at ____ meters

1000

why is the fact that water expands and floats when it freezes important to aquatic animals

the ice will insulate and protect the animals below in the water and provide another habitat for animals as well

what happens to the freezing point if salt is added to water

it decreases to approximately -2 degrees celcius

what causes salinity to change

adding (precipitation) or removing (evaporation/freezing) fresh water 

surface tension

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

latent heat of melting

the amount of heat required to melt a substance

sublimation

to change ice directly to gas

heat capacity

the amount of heat needed to raise a substances temperature by a given amount or reflects how much heat a substance can store

salinity

the total amount of alt dissolved in seawater

atoms

what all the matter of the universe is composed of

with each ___ meters of depth, water pressure increases 1 atmosphere

10

lowest salinity is in

polar regions

highest salinity is in

near the tropics

what is the average salinity level of the ocean

35 ppt